Cholinergic Receptors Made Easy: Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptor Functions | USMLE Pharmacology Review

Learn to differentiate nicotinic (Nn, Nm) and muscarinic (M1–M5) receptor functions with this interactive matching activity. Master the key actions involved in synaptic transmission, cardiac control, secretion, and smooth muscle contraction — high-yield for USMLE Step 1.

Why Are People Afraid of Needles? The Brain-Body Link and How to Overcome It

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New research shows that the heart has a mini-brain—its own nervous system that controls the heartbeat

The heart has long been thought to be controlled solely by the autonomic nervous system, which transmits signals from the brain. The heart's neural network, which is embedded in the superficial layers of the heart wall, has been considered a simple structure that relays the signals from the brain. However, recent research suggests that it has a more advanced function than that.

The development of hepatic steatosis depends on the presence of liver-innervating parasympathetic cholinergic neurons in mice fed a high-fat diet

The liver autonomic nervous system is regulated by hepatic lipid metabolism. This study shows that a subset of hepatocytes and cholagiocytes are innervated by nerve terminals originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in high-fat diet fed mice and ablation of these cholinergic neurons could prevent hepatic steatosis.

Staying Safe: Avoid 'Oh My God', Try Orient, Move, Ground - TRE College