Making Bubbles in Magma

When bubbles form in magma deep below the earth, volcanic eruptions follow. Scientists believe this happens when decompression of the magma allows volatile compounds to come out of solution and form bubbles–just as opening a bottle of seltzer allows carbon dioxide to bubble out. But a new study indicates that decompression may not be the only source of bubbles.

The team found that supersaturated fluids can nucleate bubbles when they’re sheared–even without decompression. They demonstrated this in the lab, not with magma but with a low-temperature magma analog, seen above. The more saturated with volatiles the fluid is, the less shear is needed to trigger bubbles.

Viscous shear is everywhere for magma, so this bubble formation mechanism is likely common. Better understanding how and when bubbles form in magma directly affects predictions for eruptions–especially for determining whether they’re likely to be explosive or effusive. (Image credit: volcano – A. Bonnerdeaux, experiment – O. Roche et al.; research credit: O. Roche et al.; via Physics World)

▶️ #LabPlot tutorial: LabPlot Tutorial: Nucleation & Growth Rate Analysis.  

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The CN's Lab has published another video tutorial that shows how to analyze #nucleation and #growth mechanisms using LabPlot with #chronoamperometry data.

➡️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3BI5X-cyo

#FreeSoftware #DataAnalysis #DataViz #Research #OriginProAlternative #Science #Tutorial #FLOSS #FOSS #OpenSource #AlternativeTo #KDE #Researchers #MaterialsScience #Science #Nanomaterials #ScharifkerHills

Seeding Clouds With Wildfire

Raging wildfires send plumes of smoke up into the atmosphere; that smoke is made up of tiny particles that can serve as seeds — nucleation sites — where water vapor can freeze and form clouds. To understand wildfire’s effect on cloud growth, researchers sampled air from the troposphere (the atmosphere’s lowest layer) both in and around wildfire smoke.

The team found that smoke increased the number of nucleating particles up to 100 times higher than the background air, but the exact make-up of the smoke varied significantly by fire. Smoke particles were mostly organic, though inorganic ones appeared as well. The temperature of a fire, as well as what materials it was burning, made a big difference; the fire where they measured the highest particle concentrations included lots of unburned plant material, thought to be carried aloft by turbulence around the fire. (Image credit: K. Barry; research credit: K. Barry et al.; via Eos)

#cloudFormation #fluidDynamics #nucleation #physics #science #smoke #turbulence #wildfire

SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jan 20, 2025

https://bit.ly/stc012025

#AI #Ph.D #mid-level #exceeding #physics #fractures #brittle #nucleation #aseismic #ASD #ADHD #activity #physical #activity #mental #RSS #Atom #feed #Newsletter #Meetups #Youtube #Sheep #Solar #farming #Agrivoltaics #environmental

Many industrial processes, including those producing aluminum and “green” hydrogen, use electrodes to speed up chemical reactions. Unfortunately, bubbles that form on the electrode reduce its efficiency anywhere from 10 to 25 percent by blocking parts of the electrode. The assumption has been that any area shadowed by bubbles is blocked, but a recent study shows that’s not the case. Instead, it’s only the electrode area in direct contact with the bubble that’s blocked.

To show this, researchers looked at a smooth electrode where bubbles formed randomly (left) and a nanotextured one with many spots where bubbles could form (right). In the animation above, bubble shadows are highlighted with circles. There are clearly more bubbles on the nanotextured electrode, but it actually performs better than the smooth electrode because the bubble contact area is smaller. (Image and research credit: J. Lake et al.; via MIT News)

https://fyfluiddynamics.com/2024/11/blocking-bubbles/

#bubbles #chemistry #fluidDynamics #nanoscale #nucleation #physics #science #surfaceRoughness

So many natural processes take place right in front of us, but they’re too small and too fast to see. Here, the Beauty of Science team puts some of those processes — crystallizing solids, nucleating bubbles, and more — front and center. The shapes and colors draw you in, inviting you to engage with science we see daily but rarely appreciate. (Video and image credit: Beauty of Science)

https://fyfluiddynamics.com/2024/09/microscopic-world/

#bubbles #fluidDynamics #fluidsAsArt #freezing #miscibility #nucleation #physics #science

When you order a #pint of #tennentslager

#nucleation #lager #glass