#IonicOrder is medium in complexity among the 5 orders of #ClassicalArchitecture from the #GrecoRoman world ➡️ https://graphics.social/@Alankar/113738762656511432
Once you've mastered it, it is easy to drop down to the less complex #DoricOrder and #TuscanOrder. It is more work to take on the #CorintianOrder and #CompositeOrder.
Attached: 1 image Complete #IonicOrder with ionic pedestal, fluted column, classic capital, and classic entablature #3DModeling #Art
⬆️ #CAD #3DModeling
>> #IonicOrder is medium in complexity
There are 3 components in the #Ionic order. Starting at the bottom is the #pedestal (which is optional), the #column, and the #entablature.
Each of the 3 components has 3 subcomponents.
Pedestal has #basement, #dado, and #cap.
Column has #base, #shaft, and #capital.
Entablature has #architrave, #frieze, and #cornice.
Components of Ionic column and entablature also have classic and modern variations.
⬆️ #CAD #3DModeling
>> There are 3 components in the #Ionic order: #pedestal (optional), #column, and #entablature.
The pedestal, column, and entablature are always in 4:12:3 ratio. If all components are present, the total order height is divisible by 19. If there's no pedestal, the total height is divisible by 15.
The actual height is determined as a multiple of the column diameter.
#Vitruvius called the diameter a "module" — an abstract unit of measure independent of physical units.
⬆️ #CAD #3DModeling
>> #Vitruvius called the diameter a "module" — an abstract unit of measure independent of physical units.
#Vignola divided the #module into 12 parts for the #Tuscan and #Doric orders, and into 18 parts for the #lonic, #Corinthian and #Composite orders.
The module value will depend on the size of the physical object (column width or height) you want to realize from the CAD model, whether it for large buildings or small 3D-printed artifacts.
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015031201190&view=1up&seq=18
⬆️ #CAD #3DModeling
>> #Vignola divided the #module 'µ' into 12 parts for the #Tuscan and #Doric orders, and into 18 parts for the #lonic, #Corinthian and #Composite orders.
Even though actual module value will depend on the size of the physical object, it is advantageous to start with a value that is a multiple of both 12 and 18 in the CAD model and let software scale everything later as necessary.
You could start with module µ = 36, which is the least common multiple of 12 and 18.
⬆️ #CAD #3DModeling
>> You could start with module µ = 36, which is the least common multiple of 12 and 18.
In classical design, it is a lot easier if minor grid lines are multiples of 8 (as in music 'octaves' and poetry 'octets'). So, I use a grid with minor grid marks at 8 and major grid marks at 32. Then, I choose µ = 288, which is LCM of 36 and 32.
You could choose µ and grid lines that are multiples of 10. In the end it wouldn't matter, but it's easier if they are multiples of 8.
⬆️ #ClassicalArchitecture #3DModeling
>> The heights of #Tuscan, #Doric, #Ionic, and #Composite columns are in the ratio 7:8:9:10 for the same column diameter See ➡️ https://graphics.social/@Alankar/113742694767353418
Using µ = 288 as the basis, the height of the #IonicColumn would be 288 * 9 = 2592 units.
>> The pedestal, column, and entablature are always in 4:12:3 ratio (🧵 above).
So pedestal height would be 1/3 of 2592 = 864 units. Entablature would be 1/4 of 2592 = 648 units.
Total = 864 + 2592 + 648 = 4104 units
Attached: 1 image ⬆️ #ClassicalArchitecture from the #GrecoRoman world is divided into "orders," and there are 5 of them: #TuscanOrder, #DoricOrder, #IonicOrder, #CorinthianOrder, and #CompositeOrder. Heights of #Tuscan, #Doric, #Ionic, and #Composite columns are in the ratio 7:8:9:10 for same column diameter. These are timeless designs, and one of the reasons they have stood the test of time is that they conform to regulations regarding proportions, as documented in #Regola by #Vignola https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008229458/page/n7/mode/2up
>> Using µ = 288… pedestal height would be… 864 units.
The pedestal is the easiest to construct and requires only a rudimentary knowledge of geometry.
You only need to draw straight lines and arcs for the #profileCurves in 2D space (Front view), extrude the curves in 3D space, miter cut the ends at 45° (Top view), then rotate the mitered extrusion along the central #columnAxis at 90° intervals, making copies as you go.
Finally, you join and cap the extrusions.
>> Using µ = 288… pedestal height would be… 864 units.
The #Basement and #Cap are each 72 units tall, and the #Dado is 720 units tall, totaling 864 units. Details in Alt text.
Many reference sources will give these measurements in "parts". Remember, in #Tuscan and #Doric, a part is µ/12. In #Ionic and #Corinthian, a part is µ/18. When µ = 288, an Ionic part is 16. With this in mind, you can convert in either direction.
Total height of Ionic pedestal is 54 parts.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #ProfileCurves
Profile curves for Ionic Pedestal shown in blue.
All profile curves are straight lines or 2nd degree (circular or elliptical arcs) and are planar on the XY-plane.
Although you could zoom in and get the size of each segment of the profile curve using the grid lines which are 8 units apart, you don't have to.
The top-right and bottom-right portions of the profile curve are described in detail in the next few posts along with sizes and variations.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #ProfileCurves
Bottom-right portion of profile curves for Ionic Pedestal. Details in Alt text.
Starting from bottom, the #plinth, #fillet, #CymaRecta, and #reed belong to the #Basement.
The fillet and #cavetto (circular arc) above those belong to the #Dado.
The cyma recta is 40 units wide and 24 tall. So the arcs for that are cut from ellipses.
A refined variation of cyma recta uses half turn of a helix instead of 2 elliptical arcs and will be presented later.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #ProfileCurves
Bottom-right portion of profile curves for #Ionic Pedestal without dimensions, but still showing the centers for all arcs.
Notice that the center for the #reed is 2 units to the right of the center for the top arc of #CymaRecta.
The two gaps to the left of the reed MUST be closed if you want your models to be airtight for #3DPrinting. If you forget, the model might render fine but the model will have #nakedEdges.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #ProfileCurves
Top-right portion of profile curves for #Ionic Pedestal. Details in Alt text.
When µ = 288, the pedestal #Cap is 72 units tall. The #fillet and #cavetto below that are part of the #Dado.
The #Ovolo is convex (opposite of cavetto). Both Ovolo and #Corona are 24 units tall.
The corona has a lip that is not visible from front. The function of the lip is not to help you lift the pedestal and move it around but to dissipate water dripping from the top.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #ProfileCurves
Top-right portion of profile curves for #Ionic Pedestal without dimensions, but still showing the centers for all arcs.
⬆️ #IonicPedestal #3DModeling #SurfaceExtrusion
Ensure that all #ProfileCurves segments are joined into one curve and extrude it along the right side of the pedestal to a little over the maximum distance the curve projects from the column axis.
In this case, the maximum projection is 280 units for the top #fillet of the #pedestal #cap. So, extending it to 300 on both sides for a total length of 600 units should be sufficient.
This shows a perspective view of the outside surface before mitering
On the XY plane, centered on the column axis, draw a rectangle that is slightly taller than the #profileCurve and at least 3 times as wide as the maximum projection of the profile curve from column axis.
It must be ~3x because we need ~1.5x on each side. #Pythagoras said hypotenuse of a unit square is 1.414 units long.
In this case, the profile curve projects to 280 units from the column axis and is 864 units tall. So, I create a square that is 900 units in size.
Using the #mitering rectangle, create a flat surface on the XY plane.
Swith to the Top view and rotate the mitering surface 45° about the column axis. Make a copy and rotate it another 90° so that both mitering surfaces intersect the profile surface at 45°.
This is a perspective view of the profile extrusion surface intersected by two mitering surfaces at 45° angles.
Keep portion of the extrusion surface that is between the cutting surfaces. Trim away the rest.
Rotate the mitered extrusion about the column axis, making copies along the way until you have all four sides.
Join all for sides. You see, the top and bottom are still open. This is an object with #nakedEdges
Fortunately the holes on the top and bottom are planar and it is easy to cap them to create a closed object.
Alankar