LA NOTIZIA: Bollette, la guerra in Iran presenta il conto: rincari di oltre l’8% per l’elettricità

Un primo effetto per le famiglie. Per 3 milioni di clienti vulnerabili che, anche a causa della guerra in Iran, pagheranno una bolletta elettrica più cara dell’8,1% nel secondo trimestre del 2026. I dati forniti da Arera riguardano un cliente tipo vulnerabile, servito in maggior tutela: la spesa annuale per questo utente tipo sarà di 589,34 euro tra l’1 luglio 2025 e il 30 giugno 2026, in aumento del 4,5% rispetto al periodo precedente. Dal primo aprile del 2026, il prezzo di riferimento dell’energia elettrica per il cliente tipo sarà di 30,24 centesimi di euro per kilowattora.
La guerra in Iran presenta il conto: crescono le bollette elettriche
Arera spiega che “’l’incertezza sulla durata del conflitto in Medio Oriente ha causato un inaspettato innalzamento dei prezzi dei prodotti energetici sui mercati internazionali con una ricaduta diretta sulle bollette di energia elettrica, in cui l’aumento della spesa per la materia energia è solo parzialmente compensato da una riduzione del 2,2% del prezzo di dispacciamento”. Per Marco Vignola, vicepresidente dell’Unione Nazionale Consumatori, siamo di fronte a una “Caporetto” e a una “stangata insostenibile per le famiglie già in difficoltà”.
Vignola sottolinea come questi rincari siano “frutto certo di speculazioni internazionali intollerabili ma anche di un Governo che se ne è lavato le mani, non azzerando gli oneri di sistema come avevamo chiesto di fare per attutire la scoppola. E giovedì è attesa una seconda mazzata, quella del gas”. L’Unione Nazionale Consumatori stima quindi per un cliente tipo una maggiore spesa di 45 euro l’anno e una spesa totale nei prossimi dodici mesi di 605 euro, a cui sommare i 1.208 euro di gas per un totale di 1.813 euro.
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Bills, the war in Iran presents the bill: electricity price increases of over 8%.

A first effect for families. For 3 million vulnerable customers who, also due to the war in Iran, will pay an electricity bill 8.1% more expensive in the second quarter of 2026. The data provided by Arera concerns a typical vulnerable customer, served under enhanced protection: the annual expenditure for this type of user will be €589.34 between July 1, 2025, and June 30, 2026, an increase of 4.5% compared to the previous period. From April 1, 2026, the reference price for electricity for the typical customer will be 30.24 cents per kilowatt-hour.

The war in Iran is presenting the bill: electricity bills are rising.

Arera explains that “the uncertainty regarding the duration of the conflict in the Middle East has caused an unexpected rise in the prices of energy products on international markets with a direct impact on electricity bills, in which the increase in energy expenditure is only partially compensated by a reduction of 2.2% in the dispatch price”. For Marco Vignola, Vice President of the National Union of Consumers, we are facing a “Caporetto” and an “unsustainable shock for families already in difficulty”.

Vignola emphasizes that these increases are “certainly the result of intolerable international speculation but also of a Government that has washed its hands, not zeroing out system charges as we had asked to do to cushion the blow. And on Thursday, a second blow is expected, that of gas”. The National Union of Consumers therefore estimates for a typical customer a greater expenditure of €45 per year and a total expenditure in the next twelve months of €605, to which to add €1,208 of gas for a total of €1,813.

The article Bills, the war in Iran is presenting the bill: increases of over 8% for electricity appears first on LA NOTIZIA.

#over8% #first #Arera #theMiddleEast #MarcoVignola #Vignola #second #LANOTIZIA

https://www.lanotiziagiornale.it/bollette-la-guerra-in-iran-presenta-il-conto-rincari-di-oltre-l8-per-lelettricita/

Bollette, la guerra in Iran presenta il conto: rincari di oltre l'8% per l'elettricità | LA NOTIZIA

Arera comunica un rincaro di oltre l'8% per i clienti vulnerabili nel secondo trimestre per le bollette dell'energia elettrica.

LA NOTIZIA

⬆️ @vij

>> #Trump #Ballroom "design" #AIslop

More than 2000 years after Marcus #Vitruvius Pollio codified the principles of architecture, especially for public buildings, and more than 500 years after Giacomo Barozzi da #Vignola re-codified all of that, and despite both sets of works still surviving, and no doubt already ingested by #AI chompers, this is what we get?

And I'm not even talking about aesthetic effort. I am talking about straightforward application of codified knowledge.

Sheesh!

Today: Sventato assalto a portavalori: nel blitz ferito un poliziotto, in manette l'intero commando

Un piano criminale curato nei minimi dettagli e pronto a trasformare l'Autostrada del Sole in uno scenario di guerra è stato sventato nel pomeriggio di ieri, 18 marzo, grazie a una massiccia operazione della Polizia di Stato. Nelle campagne di Vignola, nel Modenese, le forze dell'ordine hanno...

Raiding of a cargo ship foiled: a police officer injured, the entire command is in custody.

A meticulously planned criminal scheme, ready to transform the Autostrada del Sole (Sun Highway) into a war zone, was thwarted yesterday, March 18th, in the afternoon thanks to a massive operation by the Italian State Police. In the countryside of Vignola, in the Modena province, law enforcement...

#SunHighway #Vignola #Modena

https://www.today.it/cronaca/sparatoria-vignola-18-marzo-2026.html

Sventato assalto a portavalori: nel blitz ferito un poliziotto, in manette l'intero commando

Avevano armi da guerra ed esplosivi per attaccare i mezzi sull'Autostrada del Sole. Il gruppo criminale era composto principalmente da malviventi pugliesi

Today

RaiNews: Sventato assalto a portavalori sull'A1: 12 fermati, ferito un poliziotto

La base operativa del gruppo un capannone capannone isolato nel territorio comunale di Vignola

Robbery foiled at a cash-in-transit van on the A1: 12 arrested, a police officer injured

The operational base of the group – a large isolated warehouse located in the municipal territory of Vignola.

#Vignola

https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2026/03/sventato-assalto-a-portavalori-sulla1-12-fermati-ferito-un-poliziotto-6add467e-b204-4eb8-b80e-001c00ed4b1d.html

Sventato assalto a portavalori sull'A1: 12 fermati, ferito un poliziotto

La base operativa del gruppo un capannone capannone isolato nel territorio comunale di Vignola

RaiNews
🔔#Earthquake (#terremoto) M2.0 strikes 29 km S of #Vignola (#Italy) 7 min ago. More info: https://m.emsc.eu/?id=1828252

#Vignola - Vignola chiede sicurezza: basta paura, serve più presenza di polizia e militari per proteggere le nostre strade. La sicurezza è un diritto di tutti.

https://ift.tt/wEUGV7H

Stuprata in strada Vignola ha paura | Il governo ci dia polizia e militari

Una tranquilla serata in un quartiere di Vignola si è improvvisamente trasformata in un incubo, quando una donna è stata vittima di uno stupro in strada.

Zazoom Social News
Perché i vivi non ricordano... GLI OCCHI DI. Letture e presentazione progetto

𝐒𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟐 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐞 ✮ 𝐈𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐥'𝟖𝟎° 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐚 𝐋𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦𝐨 ✮ 𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐢𝐨 𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝟐𝟏.𝟎𝟎 ✦ 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐨 "𝐆𝐥𝐢 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐝𝐢". 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐡é 𝐢 𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐢 𝐧𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐨. ✦ 𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐟𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐨 𝐝𝐢 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐞 𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞 𝐝𝐚 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐨 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐢 𝐞 𝐥𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢. ✦ 𝙄𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙯𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙉𝙋𝙄 𝙑𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙖. ⓘ 𝙄𝙣𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙤 𝙤𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙖 𝙡𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙧𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙯𝙖 𝙏𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙖 𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙞 𝙋𝙐𝙉𝙏𝙊 𝙍𝙄𝙎𝙏𝙊𝙍𝙊 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝟏𝟗.𝟑𝟎 𝙘𝙤𝙣 𝘾𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙚 & 𝙑𝙞𝙣𝙤. "𝐆𝐥𝐢 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐝𝐢" è 𝙪𝙣 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙄𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙤 𝙥𝙚𝙧 𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙙𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙖, 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞, 𝙙𝙚𝙞 𝙜𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙞, 𝙙𝙚𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙩𝙞. 𝘼𝙧𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙤 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙞 𝙝𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙩𝙤 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞 𝙗𝙞𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞 𝙙𝙞 𝙪𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙞 𝙚 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙣𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙞 𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙞 𝙖 𝙛𝙖𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙤, 𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙞𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙯𝙞𝙚, 𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙫𝙤𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚 𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙞 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙤 𝙖𝙞 𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙤 𝙨𝙜𝙪𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙞. 𝙄𝙡 𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙤𝙡𝙤 𝙙𝙞 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖 "𝙎𝙥𝙤𝙤𝙣 𝙍𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚" 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚 𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙖𝙯𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙗𝙧𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙯𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙞 𝘿𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙚 𝙎𝙚𝙥𝙚 "𝙋𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙝é 𝙞 𝙫𝙞𝙫𝙞 𝙣𝙤𝙣 𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙤 𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙤𝙘𝙘𝙝𝙞 𝙙𝙞...". 𝙄 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞 𝙗𝙞𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞 𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙞 𝙨𝙪𝙡 𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙤: https://www.gliocchidi.it/ [https://www.gliocchidi.it/]

Balotta

Perché i vivi non ricordano... GLI OCCHI DI. Letture e presentazione progetto

Circolo Arci Ribalta, sabato 12 aprile alle ore 19:30 CEST

𝐒𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟐 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐞

✮ 𝐈𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐥'𝟖𝟎° 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐚 𝐋𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦𝐨 ✮

𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐢𝐨 𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝟐𝟏.𝟎𝟎

✦ 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐨 "𝐆𝐥𝐢 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐝𝐢". 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐡é 𝐢 𝐯𝐢𝐯𝐢 𝐧𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐨.

✦ 𝐋𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐟𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐨 𝐝𝐢 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐞 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐞 𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞 𝐝𝐚 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐨 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐢 𝐞 𝐥𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢.

✦ 𝙄𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙯𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙉𝙋𝙄 𝙑𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙖.

ⓘ 𝙄𝙣𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙤 𝙤𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙖 𝙡𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙧𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙯𝙖 𝙏𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙖 𝘼𝙧𝙘𝙞

𝙋𝙐𝙉𝙏𝙊 𝙍𝙄𝙎𝙏𝙊𝙍𝙊 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝟏𝟗.𝟑𝟎 𝙘𝙤𝙣 𝘾𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙚 & 𝙑𝙞𝙣𝙤.

"𝐆𝐥𝐢 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐡𝐢 𝐝𝐢" è 𝙪𝙣 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙄𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙤 𝙥𝙚𝙧 𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙙𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙖, 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞, 𝙙𝙚𝙞 𝙜𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙞, 𝙙𝙚𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙩𝙞. 𝘼𝙧𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙤 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙞 𝙝𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙩𝙤 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞 𝙗𝙞𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞 𝙙𝙞 𝙪𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙞 𝙚 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙣𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙞 𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙞 𝙖 𝙛𝙖𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙤, 𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙞𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙯𝙞𝙚, 𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙫𝙤𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚 𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙞 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙤 𝙖𝙞 𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙤 𝙨𝙜𝙪𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙞. 𝙄𝙡 𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙤𝙡𝙤 𝙙𝙞 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖 "𝙎𝙥𝙤𝙤𝙣 𝙍𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚" 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚 𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙞𝙧𝙖𝙯𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙖 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙗𝙧𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙯𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙙𝙞 𝘿𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙚 𝙎𝙚𝙥𝙚 "𝙋𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙝é 𝙞 𝙫𝙞𝙫𝙞 𝙣𝙤𝙣 𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙤 𝙜𝙡𝙞 𝙤𝙘𝙘𝙝𝙞 𝙙𝙞...". 𝙄 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞 𝙗𝙞𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞 𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙞 𝙨𝙪𝙡 𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙤: https://www.gliocchidi.it/

https://balotta.org/event/perche-i-vivi-non-ricordano-gli-occhi-di-letture-e-presentazione-progetto

PERCHÈ I VIVI NON RICORDANO GLI OCCHI DI ...

Lapide Temporanea sui bastioni di Santo Stefano a Reggio Emilia e racconti biografici su web per ricordare a chi fascisti e razzisti hanno rubato la vita

#IonicColumn

#Flutes have a different configuration in the #IonicOrder than they do in the #DoricOrder. In #Doric, the flutes run right next to each other, dividing the circumference of the column into 24 equal sectors, or 15° each.

In #Ionic, there is a small gap between the flutes. This gap used to vary, but over time, Ionic designers seemed to have settled and standardized the measurements by splitting 15° in 4:1 ratio, giving 12° to a flute and 3° to the gap between flutes.

Because of this standardization, there would seem to be little room for variants, but there is. In his #RegolaArchitettura [see https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008229458/page/n37/mode/2up], #Vignola documented flutes with hemispherical tops but flat bottoms, as shown in the image here.

However, it is acceptable to have hemispheres at both top and bottom as long as they are consistently used within a #colonnade or #arcade.

Flute geometry is interesting. Just like the #IonicColumn #shaft, a flute also gradually tapers as it rises from bottom to top. Additionally, it bends along the shaft surface due to #entasis [see https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/791794072490907090]. In other words, flutes hug the column shaft.

Unlike other decorative elements like #eggsAndDarts and #3StrandBraids, flutes are #subtractive, not #additive to the rest of the design. In other words, we have to carve the flutes out instead of adding them to the design.
Regola delli cinque ordini d' architettura : Vignola, 1507-1573 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

48 leaves : 44 cm (fol.)

Internet Archive
#Braids #3StrandBraids

After we #sweepOneRail with the blue #sweepingCurve on the orange #railCurve for the #braid strand, we cap #planarHoles to get a single #airtight strand.

As described in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/798015349727305297, the radius of the blue circle is 8 units, and the total height of a strand swept by that circle is 24 units. Half of that is above the #tectonic surface, which is still twice of what #Vignola documented in #RegolaArchitettura.

We will apply #nonuniformScaling in the Z direction to reduce the height in half while keeping the length (X) and width (Y) the same. But before we do that we split and discard some of the bottom portion of the strand that is below the tectonic surface and is not needed.

The top half of the figure shows the front view of a single strand. The bottom shows the perspective view of the same strand.

Note that the orange braid rail starts at the center of the blue sweeping circle which looks like an ellipse in the front view. The orange rail itself looks like a flat sinusoid in the front view, but its beautiful meandering shape is really apparent in the perspective view.

The orange rail curve is centered on the "ground" or XY plane, which is also where the #tectonicSurface for the braid is. The amplitude of the orange curve (maximum or minimum from axis of the curve) is 4 units. We need to preserve the geometry of the strand at least up to the bottom of the orange rail.

If we split the strand exactly at 4 units below the ground plane, we hit a limit that not all #CAD tools are able to handle. To get around, we extend it past that limit by an arbitrarily small fraction, like 0.2, and discard the portions below. We could have extended it by 0.1 or 0.3 but it wouldn't have mattered.

Next, we draw a profile curve for the braid channel which is 32 units wide and its groove is 12 units tall for now. The rims on both sides of the channel are each 8 units wide. Total height of rim and channel is 16.2 units
Splines (@[email protected])

#Braids #3StrandBraids With the #rail curve for a #braid strand in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/797916882329430160, we can start the construction of a braid that matches the sketch in #Vignola's #RegolaArchitettura shown in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733. The strands for this braid have a radius of 1 part or 8 units. So their diameter is 16 units, and the braid itself is 32 units wide. To create one strand, we start with a circle of radius of 8 units perpendicular to the tip of the orange curve. We use the orange curve as a #railCurve and the blue circle as the #sweepingCurve in the #sweepOneRail operation. Note that the circle appears distorted like an oval in all views — front view is on top-left, top view on top-right, right view in bottom-left, and perspective view in bottom-right. That is because the circle is perpendicular to the rail curve, not to any of the "world" coordinate planes. If the sweeping curve does not appear like an angled line in the top view, something is wrong. After the sweep, close #planarHoles to get a solid strand and, as always, check for #nakedEdges and #nonManifoldEdges to ensure an #airtight object. Refer again to the middle portion of the top diagram in https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733 between the two bell shapes of the scrolls. The total width of the #tectonic surface on which the braid will be laid is 4 parts or 32 units wide. The braid has a rim 8 units wide on both sides that rises 6 units above the tectonic surface. Half of the braid should be above the tectonic surface, meaning that the total height of the braid should be 12 units. If you check the bounding box of this strand, you find that it is indeed 32 units wide as needed, but the height is 24 units. So we have to apply #nonuniformScaling to keep X and Y scale intact but halve the scale in the Z direction. This will reduce the roundness of the strand and cut its height in half to 12 as needed.

Pixelfed