Pope at Audience: Church is prophecy of peace and unity with space for all

During his weekly General Audience, Pope Leo XIV continues his reflection on the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church,…
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Vocation

From the Latin vocatio/vacare, meaning “to call,” “summons.” This is an occupation to which a person is especially drawn or for which they’re suited, trained, or qualified. In modern times, it’s used in non-religious contexts; the meaning(s) of the word came out of Christianity.

There was a period where “vocation” almost exclusively referred to the clergy or the cloistered religious. The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), specifically the document Lumen Gentium, re-emphasized that every baptized person has a primary vocation: to become a saint. This was a spiritual game changer!

The idea of vocation is central to the Christian belief that God has made each person with gifts & talents towards a specific purpose & way of life. More specifically, in the Eastern Orthodox & Catholic Churches, this idea of vocation is especially associated with a divine call to service to the Church & humanity through particular vocational life commitments such as marriage to a particular person, consecration as a religious dedication, ordination to priestly ministry (in the Church, of course) & even a holy life as a single person.

The Church generally categorizes “secondary” vocations into 4 distinct states. Each is seen as a way of giving oneself away:

• The Priesthood:
  • This is a sacramental vocation. In the United States cultural context, there has been a massive historical shift. In the mid-20th century, “Irish-Catholic” culture often viewed having a son in the priesthood as the ultimate family honor.
• Consecrated Life:
  • This includes monks, nuns, brothers, & sisters. They live according to the Evangelical Councils:
    • Poverty: Owning nothing individually.
    • Chastity: Celibacy for the sake of the “Kingdom of Heaven.”
    • Obedience: Following the will of their superior.
• Married Life:
  • In Catholicism, marriage is a sacrament. The “call” here is for the sanctification of the spouse & the procreation/education of the kids. This was often seen as a “secondary” vocation to the priesthood. But modern theology (especially the “Theology of the Body” by Pope John Paul II) frames marriage as a primary icon of God’s love for the Church.
• The Committed Single Life:
  • While not a “canonical” state in the same way as the others, the Church increasingly recognizes those who remain single to serve others, the Church, or their professions with a level of flexibility & dedication that married people cannot maintain.

The American Catholic experience of vocation is unique. In the late 19th & early 20th century, Catholic vocations helped build the American infrastructure of healthcare & education. The Sisters of Mercy & Daughters of Charity built more hospitals & schools in the United States than almost any other group.

The Sisters of Mercy founded a hospital (St. Rita’s/Mercy Health) in our founder’s hometown. This particular hospital was built in 1918 to combat the Spanish flu pandemic.

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Catechism of the Catholic Church

This is also known as the Catechism or the CCC. This is a reference book that sums up the Catholic Church’s doctrine & worldviews. It’s been translated into, & published, in more than 20 languages worldwide. Pope John Paul II referred to it as “the Catechism of the Second Vatican Council.”

The decision to publish an official catechism was taken at the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. It was summoned by Pope John Paul II on January 25, 1985 to evaluate the progress of applying the Vatican II council’s goals on the 20th anniversary of its closure.

The assembly members expressed the desire that “a catechism or compendium of all Catholic doctrine regarding both faith & moral be composed, that it might be, as it were, a point of reference for the catechisms or compendiums are prepared in various regions. The presentation of doctrine must be biblical & liturgical.. It must be sound doctrine suited to the present life of Christians.”

The first part of the Catechism deals with the Profession of the Faith. It was drafted by Bishop Jose Manuel Estepa Llaurens & Bishop Alessandro Maggiolini.

The 2nd part of the Catechism deals with the sacraments. It was written by the future Cardinals Jorge Medina & Estanislao Esteban Karlic.

The 3rd part was on the life of Christ. This part was drafted by the future Cardinal Jean Honore & Bishop David Konstant.

The final part was about prayer. This was written by Friar Jean Corbon, who is a Labanese Melkite priest.

Future CDF Prefect William Levada wrote the Catechism’s glossary. The editorial secretary was the future Cardinal Christoph Schonborn, OP.

The Catechism was made known publicly by Pope John Paul II on Oct. 11, 1992, with his apostolic constitution Fidei depositum (The Deposit of Faith). This was the 30th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council. On Aug. 15, 1997, the Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Pope John Paul Il was made publicly known to the public the Latin typical edition with his apostolic letter Laetamur magnopere.

The CCC was published in French in 1992. It was published in American English in 1994, more than 250,000 copies had been pre-ordered before its release. There was a note that it was “subject to revision to the Latin typical edition (editio typica) when it’s published.

The Latin typical edition, the official text of reference made publicly known in Aug. 15, 1997, amended the contents of the provisional French text at a few points. As a result, the earlier translation French into other languages, including English, had to be amended & re-published as “second editions.” Over 8 million copies have been sold worldwide. It’s been published in more than 20 languages.

The Catechism has 2,865 paragraphs. Paragraph 2,267 deals with capital punishment. One of the changes in the 1997 update consisted of the inclusion of the position on the death penalty that’s defended in Pope John Paul II’s encyclical Evangelium vitae of 1995.

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The Whore of Babylon

This name refers to a female figure which is symbolic & an actual place of hostility. This phrase is mentioned in the Book of Revelation. Her full “title” is: Mystery, Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots & Abominations of the Earth.” She’s also identified as a representation of “the great city which reigns over the kings of the earth.” (Rev. 17:18) Her Bible passages are: Revelations 17:1-18.

She’s associated with the Beast of Revelation with a connection of equally evil kingdoms. Her apocalyptic downfall is prophesied to take place in the hands of the image of the Beast with 7 heads & 10 horns.

In I Peter 5:13, Babylon is code for Rome. Because at the time, the pagan Roman Empire persecuted Christians, before the Edict of Milan in 313. In Revelations 17:9, she sits on “7 mountains,” which are interpreted as Rome.

Others believe that Babylon, in this context, refers to an apostate false queen. A former “bride” who’s faithful, & who continues to falsely claim to be the “queen” of the spiritual realm, even though divorced & cast out. Believers of this think the “7 mountains” are the 7 hills of Jerusalem. The “fall of Babylon” in Revelations 18 is the fall & destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD.

A few Old Testament prophets refer to Jerusalem as a spiritual harlot & the mother of such harlotry. (Isaiah 1:21; Jeremiah 2:20, 3:1-11; & Ezekiel 16:1-43, 23) John of Patmos may have known these prophesies.

An example in Matthew (23:34-37) & Luke (11:47-51), Jesus gave all the bloodguilt to the Jerusalem Pharisees. In Revelations 17:6 & 18:20, similar phrasing is used in charging the bloodguilt to Babylon. This is also bolstered by Jesus saying, “It’s not possible for a prophet to be killed outside of Jerusalem.” (Luke 13:33)

The Whore of Babylon has long been assigned to different people or places. Some uber traditionalist Catholics believe that the post-conciliar church is the Whore. (Post-conciliar is known as Vatican II or the 2nd Vatican Council.)

Historicists believe that the Whore is the Catholic Church in its entirety. Martin Luther & John Calvin taught this. Some believe the Whore is a church. The 7 hills of Rome are suggested to locate the church. An image from the 1545 edition of Luther’s Bible depicts the Whore wearing the papal tiara.

Some think that the Whore represents the fallen state of traditional Christianity, especially the Catholic Church. Some think the Whore represents the world empire of false religion. In Thelema, the Whore is a goddess. Yes, the religion that Aleister Crowley founded.

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