Bible Science ForumCausality and the Arrow of Time Are Big Bang Problems for Cosmic Story-Telling
Cosmic story-telling is the state of modern cosmology. Here is a detailed storyline of the alleged early universe’s development from primordial energy fluctuations after the putative big bang to a mature cosmic web.Causality connects one event to a prior event within its own reference frame. Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or subject (i.e., a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (i.e., an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. The cause of something may also be described as the reason behind the event or process. If an observer cannot identify the cause of an event that event has a causality problem.
The big bang model has a causality problem. It is called the “horizon problem”, which I explained here. Big Bang Has a Light-Travel-Time Problem! You can read that post! The short version is that there has been insufficient time in the big bang universe for the thermal equalisation of radiation so that what we observe from one side of the universe to the other is all at the same very cold temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation. That is about 2.8 K, or 2.8 degrees above absolute zero. But that is just a detail.
Of course the solution to the problem comes when you understand that the real universe is not the big bang universe. What we observe is the state that the Creator made it in. Nevertheless it presents an enormous problem for the misotheists who deny His existence.
As a result they have searched for an explanation. Their potential solutions involve faster than the current canonical speed c for light in the early universe. Does the New Much-Faster-Speed-of-Light Theory Fix the Big Bang’s Problems?
You see causality is the issue here. Something is observed that just should not be because, if it is self-consistent, according to their theory cannot happen. Insufficient time for light to propagate across the universe from one horizon to the other in the available time since the alleged big bang means that energy in the universe cannot equilibrate to the same temperature, certainly not to within about a few parts in 100,000. That is an incredible fine-tuning problem.
So, light has not had enough time since the big bang to travel between what should be causally coherent regions of the visible universe. This means separate regions of the universe are not causally connected—a light-travel-time problem.
How do they sell it. Cosmic inflation!
That idea is really a god-of-the-gaps scenario. Because we observe approximately equal thermalised microwave radiation coming from all regions in the distant universe a process must have occurred that smoothed it out in the early universe soon after the big bang.
The cosmic inflation theory holds that the universe rapidly inflated within a miniscule fraction of a second after the big bang, spreading out or diluting all the energy fluctuations in the universe making them all infinitesimally small and hence all near the same small value.
To put this into numerical terms, during the cosmic inflation era the inflation factor was of order 1026 over 10-36 seconds just after the beginning. That is a volume expansion factor of 1078. Whopping big numbers there. Now that is absolutely hyperinflation.
I have discussed this concept previously so I won’t go into it any further here, except to quote Alan Guth, from the cover of the April 2002 issue of Discover magazine.
“The universe burst into something from absolutely nothing – zero, nada. And as it got bigger, it became filled with even more stuff that came from absolutely nowhere.”
How is that possible? Ask Alan Guth. His theory of inflation helps explain everything.
My point is that when causality is the problem, there is no limit to the mount of fairy tales and cosmic story telling permitted.
Compare the above to what the Creator Jesus Christ said while He was on earth approximately 2,000 years ago. He was speaking to a group of Jewish Pharisees.
56 Your father Abraham leaped for joy that he should see My day, and he saw and was glad. 57 Then the Jews said to Him, You do not yet have fifty years, and have You seen Abraham? 8 Jesus said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, Before Abraham came to be, I AM!
John 8:56-58 KJ3
Here is a question of causality. Many times Jesus stated that He is “I AM“, which is the English translation for His OT Hebrew name הָיָה, meaning the eternally existent One. He was never created. He predated all creation. Only an agent who pre-exists an event can cause an event.
An agent who exists now, with limited human lifespan, cannot cause a past event say 3,000 years ago. But that is what Christ was telling them. Before Abraham was even born He existed.
He existed before creation. And after creation He walked in the Garden of Eden with Adam and Eve. It occurred after they sinned and didn’t want to face God.
8 And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden.
Genesis 3:8 AKJV
We may identify this figure as the pre-incarnate Christ (the Logos), who appeared in a physical form (a body called a theophany) walking in the garden of Eden. That was 6,000 to 7,500 years ago, long before Jesus was born into human flesh in Bethlehem.
There is no violation of causation here. Nor are fairy tales needed to explain the origin of the universe. The Creator eternally existed before He created the universe according to the scriptures.
Causation is intrinsically connected with the “arrow” of time. The most familiar “arrow” of time is described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It describes the “one-way direction” of time. See Thermodynamics and Creation: A Scientific Perspective
All systems left to themselves with tend to a greater state of disorganisation, and cool towards the same temperature as they come into equilibrium with the environment around them. According to the statistical notion of increasing entropy, the “arrow” of time is identified with a decrease of free energy, that is energy available to do work. That loss is irreversible.
The cosmological “arrow” of time tells us that the universe cools and becomes more successively disorganised. That “arrow” of time is a big problem for the big bang origin of the universe because it required spontaneous organisation of structure from an “explosion” of matter and energy. See picture above.
From the “Dark Ages” to the “Cosmic Dawn” ever increasing entropy must be reversed for structures like galaxies to form. Magical “dark matter” is invoked to facilitate that. That dark matter is really just a placeholder for the unknown physics that is needed.
The required increase of entropy according to the Second Law must be violated. Yet the Second Law has never been observed to be violated in any macroscopic system.
As a result some researchers have suggested another law that reverses the increase of entropy.
The big big problem here for Darwinian evolution is this macroscopic irreversibility in time’s arrow.
Harold Blum’s 1951 book Time’s Arrow and Evolution discusses “the relationship between time’s arrow (the second law of thermodynamics) and organic evolution.” This influential text explores “irreversibility and direction in evolution and order, negentropy, and evolution.” Blum argues that evolution followed specific patterns predetermined by the inorganic nature of the earth and its thermodynamic processes. Wikipedia on the Arrow of Time
More story telling is required. The invention of fake science, for example negentropy, which has never been observed in nature.
Negentropy (negative entropy) is a hypothetical concept describing systems that increase in order and organization over time, opposite to entropy. It is needed to explain the increase in complexity as required by Darwin’s evolutionary theory. See also The Laws of Physics Point to the Creator
The solution is simple. Evolution never occurred. It is just fairy tales for adults.
And quantum mechanics cannot get you around the problem of causality and the arrow of time either.
Quantum evolution is governed by equations of motions that are time-symmetric (such as the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic approximation), and by wave function collapse, which is a time-irreversible process, and is only physically real in explicit collapse interpretations of quantum theory. … The conventional approach is to assume that quantum decoherence explains irreversibility and the second law of thermodynamics, thus claiming to derive the quantum arrow of time from the thermodynamic arrow of time.
Temporarily over short timescales entropy is reversible in quantum systems but the reality comes home when we look at the system as a whole over time. Wave functions collapse and produce real measurables which always obey the increase in entropy as described by the thermodynamic arrow of time.
The text from which I first learned about thermodynamics as an undergrad in physics stated the following:
However, we see the second law of thermodynamics as a description of the prior and continuing work of a creator, who also holds the answer to our future destiny and that of the universe.
Richard E. Sonntag and Gordon J. Van Wylen, 1982, Introduction to Thermodynamics, 2nd Ed., p.271, John Wiley & Sons.
The Second Law is a description of the work of the Creator (there is only one). It describes the arrow of time in all macroscopic systems. It describes causality. But all explanations that depart from God’s created order require causality violations. They want a solution to the observed order without the Creator.
Jesus Christ is the Creator of the universe. He pre-existed all creation without causality violation. Know Him and He will lead you into all truth (John 16:13).
5 [Jehovah] lead me in Your truth and teach me; for You are the God of my salvation; on You I wait all the day long. 6 Remember, O Jehovah, Your compassions and Your mercies; for they are from eternity.
Psalm 25:5-6 KJ3
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