Town Hall, Zamość, Poland

It is the central building of the Old Town, constructed in a Mannerist-Baroque style. Its construction began in 1591 based on a design by the Italian architect Bernardo Morando. Originally, the town hall had a more modest form—the tower slightly protruded into the market square, and the front façade aligned with the northern row of tenement houses. Around 1605, the tower had to be reinforced due to the risk of collapse.

The largest expansion of the building took place between 1639 and 1651, probably under the direction of Jan Jaroszewicz and Jan Wolff. During this time, the town hall gained a third floor, decorative Mannerist façade ornamentation, attics, and small corner turrets. The tower was heightened and equipped with a characteristic dome reminiscent of Renaissance design.

In the 18th century, monumental fan-shaped stairs leading to the main entrance were added to the front, and the tower was supplemented with a clock dating from 1770.

For centuries, the town hall served administrative, commercial, and judicial functions, remaining an important urban and visual element of Zamość’s market square.

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Monument to Nicolaus Copernicus, Olsztyn, Poland

Nicolaus Copernicus was the administrator of the common property of the Warmia cathedral chapter. He resided in Olsztyn castle twice. The first time was when he served a three-year term as administrator, from November 8, 1516 to November 9, 1519. The second period of Copernicus’ stay in Olsztyn was connected with the last war with the Teutonic Order. After the plunder of Frombork by the Teutonic Knights, Copernicus sought refuge in Olsztyn castle, and then administered the chapter’s property from January 23, 1520 to the end of October 1521. The administrator in these areas managed the land, exercised judicial power and was responsible for tax matters.

Within the walls of Olsztyn castle, Copernicus wrote the text of the first book of “De revolutionibus…” - the work of his life, which “stopped the Sun and pushed the Earth from its foundations”.

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The Green Gate, Gdansk, Poland

It was built in the years 1564-1568 on the site of the older - mentioned in 1357 - the Kogi Gate. The authorship of the design is attributed to both the Dutch builder Master Regnier and Hans Kramer, who came from Dresden. Around 1573, a wing was added to the western elevation. The ground floor of the gate housed the city scales, while the wing housed the day and night city guards.

It was supposed to be a royal residence, but despite its beautiful interiors, no king ever lived there. As a consolation, the future wife of the king - Władysław IV - Maria Ludwika Gonzaga stopped here while passing through.

The gate was rebuilt - for the first time in the 19th century, when a third floor was added and the roof was redesigned. 50 years later, a fourth gate was built. After World War II, part of the building collapsed in a fire. The Green Gate was rebuilt in the 1950s, but it was not until 2002 that the interior was opened to visitors for the first time after the war.

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