Today in Labor History January 24, 1919: Staff and patients revolted at the St. Davnet's psychiatric hospital in County Monaghan, Ireland, and declared it a worker-run Soviet. At the time, staff were working 93-hour weeks and earning only £60-£70 per year. They asked Peadar O'Donnell, an Irish republican and militant in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union, to negotiate on their behalf. When negotiations failed to resolve their grievances, they hoisted the red flag and declared the facility a soviet. O’Donnell is believed to be the first Irish person to use the term "occupation" to describe a workplace occupation. The St. Davnet occupation was also the first action in Ireland to describe itself as a soviet. During the occupation, they declared a 48-hour workweek for themselves. To protect themselves from attack by the police, they barricaded the windows and corridors, put on patients’ clothes to confuse the attackers, and armed themselves with shovels and pitchforks. Eventually, the authorities agreed to their wage demands, but only for male workers. The workers maintained solidarity and refused to concede, demanding equal pay for women. The Asylum Committee ultimately gave in to all their demands, and by February 4 they returned to work.
O’Donnell’s uncle had been an IWW member in Butte, Montana. O’Donnell, himself, became a socialist and a leader in the Irish ITGWU, and was a follower of the Easter Rising martyr and IWW cofounder James Connolly. During the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), he fought with the IRA, leading guerrilla activity in the Derry and Donegal regions of Northern Ireland. After the peace treaty and creation of the Republic of Ireland (which, of course, left Northern Ireland as part of the UK), he continued the struggle, participating in the occupation of the Four Courts, and the Civil War that followed. He was eventually captured and imprisoned, where he took part in the 1923 Mass Hunger Strikes against the illegal imprisonment of IRA militants without trial or conviction. After 21 months in prison, he escaped, writing about it in his 1932 memoir “The Gates Flew Open.” In the 1930s, he left the IRA to co-found the Republican Congress, along with other socialists, communists and Cumann na mBan members, with a focus on defeating fascism. They were also successful in getting many people to defect from the IRA to join their anti-capitalist organization, and even recruited many Protestants. In 1936, he joined the Spanish Republican militia that was fighting against Franco's fascist insurgency. He also helped organize the Connolly Column of Irish Republican Congress members, named for James Connolly, to join the Spanish anti-fascist struggle. In the 1960s, he cofounded the Irish Voice on Vietnam antiwar organization.
#workingclass #LaborHistory #strike #occupation #soviet #socialism #fascism #antifascism #mentalhealth #ireland #republican #independence #union #IWW #books #author #writer #memoir @bookstadon