Mechanism of co-transcriptional cap snatching by #influenza #polymerase

#Polymerase #mutations underlie early #adaptation of #H5N1 #influenza virus to dairy #cattle and other #mammals

Emergence of #mammalian-adaptive #PB2 #mutations enhances #polymerase activity and #pathogenicity of #cattle-derived #H5N1 #influenza A virus

An evolutionary approach to identify #mammalian adaptive #mutations in the avian #influenza #polymerase complex

#Polymerase #mutations underlie early #adaptation of #H5N1 #influenza virus to dairy #cattle and other #mammals.

A portable low-cost #Arduino-controlled #OpenSource #polymerase chain reaction device:

-4-well aluminum heating block
-heated lid
-heating/cooling rates: 1.78/1.52 °C/s
- temp. accuracy: ± 0.55 °C
-cost: US $120
-requires #MATLAB

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00635
#DIYbio #lab #instruments #PCR #DNA

#Influenza A virus #polymerase co-opts distinct sets of host proteins for #RNA transcription or #replication

#Polymerase #mutations underlie #adaptation of #H5N1 #influenza virus to dairy #cattle and other #mammals.

#Replication #Restriction of #Influenza #H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses by #Human Immune Factor, 2023–24, Emerg Infect Dis.: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/1/24-1236_article

We show that human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) suppresses replication of influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from #mammals in vitro and in MxA-transgenic mice. However, H5N1 can evade MxA restriction through replacement of individual viral #polymerase complex components from a human-adapted MxA-resistant strain in vitro.

Replication Restriction of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses by Human Immune Factor, 2023–2024

HPAI A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses, 2023–2024

Emerging Infectious Diseases journal