Table of Contents
- Books about airborne transmission of pathogens.
- Airborne Contagion and Air Hygiene: An Ecological Study of Droplet Infections by William Firth Wells. 1955.
- WHO. 2009. “Natural ventilation in health care for infection control”
- The Air Spora. 2006 : 15–34.doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30253-9_2PMCID: PMC7120664
- 2016. Aerobiology The Toxicology of Airborne Pathogens.
- Richard L. Riley, Francis O’Grady. 1961. Airborne Infection: Transmission and Control.
- Moulton, Forest Ray, ed. 1942. Aerobiology. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- Kundsin, Ruth B, editor. 1980. Airborne Contagion. New York, N.Y. : New York Academy of Sciences. http://archive.org/details/airbornecontagio0000unse.
- Salem, Harry, and Sidney A Katz, eds. Aerobiology. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.
- Kundsin
- Review articles
@[email protected] at 2023-08-07, 6:11:00 a.m.
Books about airborne transmission of pathogens.
A reference thread 🧵
#aerobiology #Airborne #transmission #pathogens #CovidIsAirborne
I happily present to you, kind readers:
Airborne Contagion and Air Hygiene: An Ecological Study of Droplet Infections by William Firth Wells. 1955.
https://archive.org/details/airborne-contagion
It is the Bible of airborne transmission of pathogens. It is also on Google Books. Click the gear icon to download it as PDF.
I could have sworn I had searched Google Books in the past and it wasn’t available for download.
https://books.google.ca/books/about/Airborne_Contagion_and_Air_Hygiene.html?id=T8nVAAAAMAAJ
WHO. 2009. “Natural ventilation in health care for infection control”
A World Health Organization #WHO publication, which they incompetently never mention because they are incompetent.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143284/
#ventilation
The Air Spora. 2006 : 15–34.
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30253-9_2
PMCID: PMC7120664
The Aerobiology Pathway
Guest Editor (s): Maureen E. Lacey and Jonathan S. West
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120664/
2016. Aerobiology The Toxicology of Airborne Pathogens.
https://books.rsc.org/books/edited-volume/1021/Aerobiology-The-Toxicology-of-Airborne-Pathogens
Richard L. Riley, Francis O’Grady. 1961. Airborne Infection: Transmission and Control.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qztrAAAAMAAJ
Riley worked with Mr. Wells on aerobiology his whole life.
Mr. Wells wrote the book I mentioned a few posts up. He was the husband of Dr. Wells, who also worked on aerobiology but passed away in the 40s.
Moulton, Forest Ray, ed. 1942. Aerobiology. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Aerobiology/DNdfAAAAMAAJ
Please exit through the main thread, here: https://mastodon.social/@jmcrookston/110861950615588941
Or, here’s a direct link over to the thread listing review articles about airborne transmission: https://mastodon.social/@jmcrookston/110918796210741290
Kundsin, Ruth B, editor. 1980. Airborne Contagion. New York, N.Y. : New York Academy of Sciences. http://archive.org/details/airbornecontagio0000unse.
Papers include “Spread of TB via recirculated air on a naval vessel”, “The role of ventilation in the spread of measles in an elementary school”, and
***Langmuir, former CDC director, admitting he got airborne spread wrong but also _herd immunity_.***
What is wrong with this field, honestly.
*Not in Langmuir collection https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/14/resources/4634/collection_organization#tree::archival_object_1289931 – Hmm.
Salem, Harry, and Sidney A Katz, eds. Aerobiology. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849737913-FP007.
Kundsin
I shall post the titles of the various articles in Kundsin’s conference compilation.
Part I. History and Epidemiology
Historical Background. By RICHARD L. RILEY 3
Spread of Tuberculosis via Recirculated Air in a Naval Vessel: The Byrd Study. By VERNON N. HOUK 10
The Role of Ventilation in the Spread of Measles in an Elementary School. By EDWARD C. RILEY 25
Changing Concepts of Airborne Infection of Acute Contagious Diseases: A Reconsideration of Classic Epidemiologic Theories. By ALEXANDER D. LANGMUIR 35
Part II. Epidemiology
The Epidemiology of Influenza in Humans. By MICHAEL B. GREGG 45
Epidemiology of the Common Cold. By JACK M. GWALTNEY, JR 54
Legionellosis: Evidence of Airborne Transmission. By DAVID W. FRASER 61
Legionellosis: Environmental Aspects. By G. F. MALLISON 67
Physics of Airborne Particles and Their Deposition in the Lung. By PAUL E.
MORROW 71
A Tribute to William Firth Wells. By EDWARD C. RILEY 81
Part III. Bacteria as Agents of Airborne Contagion
Inhalation Anthrax. By PHILIP S. BRACHMAN 83
Aerosol Dissemination of Bacterial Plant Pathogens. By MONTY D. HARRISON 94
Airborne Spread of Brucellosis. By ARNOLD F. KAUFMANN, MARSHALL D. Fox, JOHN M. BOYCE, DANIEL C. ANDERSON, MORRIS E. POTTER, WILLIAM J. MARTONE, and CHARLOTTE M. PATTON 105
Part IV. Fungi as Agents of Airborne Contagion
Introduction. By LLOYD G. HERMAN 115
Aerial Dissemination of Fungal Spores. By DONALD E. AYLOR and PAUL E. WAGGONER 116
(Philosophical) Review of Air Currents as a Continuing Vector. By
CHARLOTTE C. CAMPBELL 123
Aspergillus in Patient Care Areas. By LLOYD G. HERMAN 140
Part V. Viruses as Agents of Airborne Contagion
Viruses as Agents of Airborne Contagion. By VERNON KNIGHT 147
Aerosol Spread of Plant Viruses: Potential Role in Disease Outbreaks. By ERNEST E. BANTTARI AND JAMES R. VENETTE 167
Overview of Airborne Contagion in Animals. By LAWRENCE A. FALK, JR. and RONALD D. HUNT 174
Spread of Plant Viruses and Spiroplasmas through Airborne Vectors. By KARL MARAMOROSCH 179
Part VI. Airborne Transmission—Other Considerations
Long-Range Transmission of Bacteria. By AKE BOVALLIUS, ROGER ROFFEY, and EVA HENNINGSON 186
Surf-to-Wind Transfer of Viruses. By EDWARD R. BAYLOR and MARTHA B. BAYLOR 201
Spread of Microorganisms by Air-Conditioning Systems—Especially in Hospitals. By K. O. GUNDERMANN 209
The Role of Airborne Bacteria in the Contamination of Fine Particle Nebulizers and the Development of Noscomial Pneumonia. By STEVEN G. KELSEN and MARYANNE MCGUCKIN 218
Air Sampling in Hospitals. By DIETER H. M. GROSCHEL 230
Techniques Used for Sampling Airborne Microorganisms Associated with Industrial Clean Rooms and Spacecraft Assembly Areas. By MARTIN
S. FAVERO and JOHN R. PULEO 241
Part VII. Airborne Infections in Hospitals
Documentation of Airborne Infection During Surgery. By RUTH B. KUNDSIN 255
Reduction of Deep Sepsis Following Total Hip Arthroplasty. By ROBERT H.
FITZGERALD, JR 262
Ultraviolet Light for the Control of Airborne Bacteria in the Operating Room. By J. LEONARD GOLDNER, MARY MOGGIO, STEPHEN F. BEISSINGER, and DONALD E. MCCOLLUM 271
Ultraviolet Radiation and Reduction of Deep Wound Infection Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. By J. DRENNAN LOWELL, RUTH B. KUNDSIN, CHARLES M. SCHWARTZ, and DEBORAH POZIN 285
The Treatment of Burn Patients in a Laminar Airflow Environment. By ROBERT H. DEMLING and JEANNE MALY 294
The Contribution of A Bacterially Isolated Environment to the Prevention of Infections in Seriously Burned Patients. By GENN E. BEHRINGER and JOHN F. BURKE 300
Part VIII. Prevention and Control
Speculations on the Possible Effects of the Indoor Air on Airborne Contagion. By DONALD F. PROCTOR 308
Prevention and Control of Airborne Infection in Hospitals. By CARL W. WALTER 312
Prevention and Control of Airborne Infection in the Community. By RICHARD L. RILEY 331
Index of Contributors 341
Financial assistance was received from:
• BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM LTD.
• JOHNSON & JOHNSON PRODUCTS, INC.
• MERCK SHARP & DOHME RESEARCH LABORATORIES
• A. H. ROBBINS COMPANY
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES—
FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER
• OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH
Review articles
By @[email protected].
AIRBORNE REVIEW STUDIES/ARTICLES
A thread. 🧵
I was fed up with not having these in one place. so I set aside 30 minutes and, voila. I present this to you.
Entirely free. No Patreon required.
This is not all of the reviews, just the top ones. I likely missed some.
(This is reposted from the bird site. Originally posted October 9, 2021.)
2006
Tang, J. W., Y. Li, I. Eames, P. K. S. Chan, and G. L. Ridgway. ‘Factors Involved in the Aerosol Transmission of Infection and Control of Ventilation in Healthcare Premises’. The Journal of Hospital Infection 64, no. 2 (October 2006): 100–114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.05.022
https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(06)00286-6/fulltext
2020 March
Bourouiba, Lydia. ‘Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19’. JAMA, 26 March 2020.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763852
– droplets travel further than 2 meters
(Fixed link.)
2020 April
Bahl, Prateek, Doolan, de Silva, Chughtai, Bourouiba, and MacIntyre. ‘Airborne or Droplet Precautions for Health Workers Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019?’ The Journal of Infectious Diseases, no. jiaa189 (16 April 2020)
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa189
2020 June
Morawska, Lidia, and Donald K Milton. ‘It Is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)’. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 6 July 2020, ciaa939.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa939
2020 Sept
Morawska, Lidia, Julian W. Tang, William Bahnfleth, Philomena M. Bluyssen, Atze Boerstra, Giorgio Buonanno, Junji Cao, et al. ‘How Can Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 Indoors Be Minimised?’ Env Intl 142 (1 September 2020): 105832.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832
2020 Oct
Prather, Kimberly A, Linsey C Marr, Robert T Schooley, Melissa A McDiarmid, Mary E Wilson, and Donald K Milton. ‘Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2’. Science 370, no. 6514 (16 October 2020): 303–4.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf0521
2021 Jan
Samet, Jonathan M, Kimberly Prather, Georges Benjamin, Seema Lakdawala, John-Martin Lowe, Arthur Reingold, John Volckens, and Linsey Marr. ‘Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know’. Clin. Infect. Dis., 18 January 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab039
2021 April
Tang, J W, Bahnfleth, Bluyssen, Buonanno, Jimenez, J Kurnitski, Y Li, et al. ‘Dismantling Myths on the Airborne Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)’. J. Hosp. Infect. 110 (April 2021): 89–96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.12.022
2021 May
Morawska, Lidia, Joseph Allen, William Bahnfleth, Philomena M Bluyssen, Atze Boerstra, Giorgio Buonanno, Junji Cao, et al. ‘A Paradigm Shift to Combat Indoor Respiratory Infection’. Science 372, no. 6543 (14 May 2021): 689–91.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg2025
2021 May
Greenhalgh et al.‘Ten Scientific Reasons in Support of Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2’. The Lancet 397, no. 10285 (1 May 2021): 1603–5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2
2021 August
Wang et al. ‘Airborne Transmission of Respiratory Viruses’. Science 373, no. 6558 (27 August 2021).
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd9149
2020 June
Morawska, Lidia, and Junji Cao. ‘Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The World Should Face the Reality’. Environ. Int. 139 (June 2020): 105730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105730
And so as not to mislead you into thinking this is a recent development, I will just provide ONE reference from 1987:
Sattar, Syed A., Mohammad Khalid Ijaz, and Charles P. Gerba. ‘Spread of Viral Infections by Aerosols’. Critical Reviews in Env Control 17, no. 2 (January 1987): 89–131.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10643388709388331
These people were never confused about 5um, etc.
Oh, re: the lab leak issue, enjoy last line.
Again, from 1987.
And exposure to air leading to infection, and filtration slashing infection.
It’s all there, if you are open to it.
Same article, from 1987:
One day I just posted titles of airborne studies until I got bored.
It was a lot.
One might wonder how the experts missed all this …
https://nitter.net/jmcrookston/status/1332441254601383936#m
Thankfully I can keep reposting a lot of the threads. Otherwise this would be so tiring.
Just trying to show how many yrs back this goes and how much evidence there is. This isn’t a theory. Droplets is the theory.
I said I would revisit with another set in a few days.
Voila it has been a few days.
Addleman, Sarah, Victor Leung, Leyla Asadi, Abdu Sharkawy, and Jennifer McDonald. ‘Mitigating Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2’. CMAJ, 1 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.210830
Leung, Nancy H. L. ‘Transmissibility and Transmission of Respiratory Viruses’. Nature Reviews Microbiology 19, no. 8 (August 2021): 528–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00535-6
Tang, Song, Yixin Mao, Rachael M. Jones, Qiyue Tan, John S. Ji, Na Li, Jin Shen, et al. ‘Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, Prevention and Control’. Environment International 144 (1 November 2020): 106039.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106039
Wilson, N. M., A. Norton, F. P. Young, and D. W. Collins. ‘Airborne Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 to Healthcare Workers: A Narrative Review’. Anaesthesia 75, no. 8 (August 2020): 1086–95.
https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15093
Let me be very clear. These reviews are all (mostly) written by people who work on aerosols. They are broad summaries (hence, “reviews”) of the field. Start here with your reading. You can then drill down to the actual studies if you want.
That means they aren’t public health people fooling around with an air sampler they just bought and unboxed. Not joking.
Missed this one. Top people.
Tellier, Raymond, Yuguo Li, Benjamin J. Cowling, and Julian W. Tang. ‘Recognition of Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Agents: A Commentary’. BMC Infectious Diseases 19, no. 1 (31 January 2019): 101.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3707-y
Adding this one, by mechanical engineers in Canada, from 2011:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3226423/
Adding this review from 2021, also should be in the “top” pile:
Bourouiba, Lydia. ‘Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases’. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 23, no. 1 (2021): 547–77.
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044
P.S. there isnt a single study proving droplet
https://nitter.net/jmcrookston/status/1415368175592562696#m
Randomly found another review, discussing SARS and MERS airborne, amongst others.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150194/#Art1
Another saying we should look at aerosol. From May 2020.
Anderson, Elizabeth L., Paul Turnham, John R. Griffin, and Chester C. Clarke. ‘Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID‐19 and Public Health’. Risk Analysis 40, no. 5 (May 2020): 902–7.
https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13500
And for a more comprehensive historical overview, this article spearheaded by jljcolorado is very good, I dare say. (Full disclosure: I am a co-author.)
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3904176
(pre-print, will replace with final link shortly)
Also, Randall, Ewing, Marr, Jimenez and Bourouiba. ‘How Did We Get Here: What Are Droplets and Aerosols and How Far Do They Go? A Historical Perspective on the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases’. Interface Focus 11, no. 6 (Nov 2021)
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0049
Pepper, Ian L., and Charles P. Gerba. ‘Aeromicrobiology’. Environmental Microbiology, 2015, 89–110
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394626-3.00005-3
But very disappointed they repeated the 5uM fiction, and the idea of droplet. So that’s a big negative. And Brankston (pic 4) is garbage.
Otherwise, the chapter is a good overview of the area.
One day I looked at it the other way around. I pulled a bunch of fomite articles just to see how they described fomite spread.
Turns out, pretty weakly.
https://nitter.net/jmcrookston/status/1334851435444531200#m
Ijaz, M. Khalid et al and Syed A. Sattar. ‘Generic Aspects of the Airborne Spread of Human Pathogens Indoors and Emerging Air Decontamination Technologies’. American Journal of Infection Control 44, no. 9 (September 2016): S109–20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.008
p.s. Did you notice?
Yup. Look at those troopers. Still writing the same after ~30 years.
Remember what I posted earlier, about “ONE from 1987”.
That was these same authors.
Another review article thread from ages ago. This one contains coronavirus review articles.
They are a great place to learn all that we already knew about coronaviruses before this pandemic started. You know, from our 50 years of dealing with them.
Tl;dr: most of what people “discovered” about CoVs, we already knew. Including kids, not sterilizing, persistence, in brain, etc.
https://nitter.net/jmcrookston/status/1310275748108922881#m
One more. Big names on the issue of air transmission of pathogens.
Editorial in Indoor Air, entitled “all respiratory viruses are airborne.”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ina.12937
Tang, Tellier and Yuguo Li are all experts.
Je suis d’accord.
#COVIDisAirborne
#FluisAirborne
#AllRespiratoryVirusesAreAirborne
Historical review from 2022
Moreno, Teresa, and Wes Gibbons. ‘Aerosol Transmission of Human Pathogens: From Miasmata to Modern Viral Pandemics and Their Preservation Potential in the Anthropocene Record’. Geoscience Frontiers 13, no. 6 (November 2022): 101282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101282
https://jonathan.crookston.ca/2024/03/03/transmission-of-pathogens-books-and-review-articles/
#aerobiology
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