Armillaria ostoyae

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Armillaria_ostoyae.html

Ecology: Parasitic and saprobic on the wood and roots of conifers and, less frequently, hardwoods (especially aspens and birches within conifer forests); causing a root rot; typically growing in dense clusters; summer and fall; originally described from France (Romagnesi 1970); widespread in Europe. The illustrated and described collection is from France.

Cap: 4-8 cm; convex at first, becoming broadly convex; dry or slightly moist; orangish brown to pinkish brown underneath small, brown to dark brown scales; the margin sometimes becoming finely lined.

Gills: Beginning to run down the stem; close; short-gills frequent; white or whitish when young and fresh, developing pinkish hues and/or reddish brown spots and discolorations.

Stem: 6-15 cm long; 0.5-1 cm thick; tapered to base; whitish to brownish, becoming darker brown or olive toward the base; finely hairy with brownish fibrils; with a well-developed whitish ring that may feature a brown edge; with yellowish mycelium near the base; attached to long black rhizomorphs that run through the wood.

Flesh: Whitish, becoming pinkish brown with maturity; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste mild to slightly bitter.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-10 x 4-6 m; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 33-35 x 6-8 m; clavate; often basally clamped; 4-spored. Cheilocystidia lageniform; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis; brownish in KOH; elements 5-10 m wide, smooth.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Lactarius badiosanguineus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lactarius_badiosanguineus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with spruces, firs, and perhaps other conifers; summer and fall; in North America reported from Newfoundland (Malloch, 2010) and, here, from Colorado.

Cap: 2-8.5 cm; broadly convex with an inrolled margin when young; becoming flat, shallowly depressed or shallowly vase-shaped; greasy to dry; shiny; bald; deep brownish red to reddish brown; evenly colored to the margin; without zones of color.

Gills: Attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close or crowded; pale orange or yellowish, becoming dull cinnamon with age; not bruising.

Stem: 3-9 cm long; up to 1.5 cm thick; more or less equal; dry; without potholes; colored like the cap, but paler.

Flesh: Whitish to pinkish; not changing when sliced.

Milk: White; unchanging; not staining white paper yellow.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste mild or slowly, slightly acrid.

Spore Print: Cream.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Dried Specimens: Dried caps and stems are dark brown, without any trace of red; gills are dull orange.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-9 x 5.5-7 ; broadly ellipsoid; ornamentation 0.5-1 high, as amyloid warts and connecting lines that form distinct stripes and subreticulate patterns. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant and prominent; subcylindric to subfusiform; to about 100 x 10 . Cheilocystidia scattered and inconspicuous; subcylindric to subfusiform; to about 40 long. Pileipellis an oedotrichoderm, slightly gelatinized.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Russula queletii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Russula_queletii.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with conifers, especially spruces and 2-needled pines; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely reported in western and northern North America. The illustrated and described collection is from northern California.

Cap: 3-8 cm; convex or bell-shaped when young, becoming broadly convex, flat, or shallowly depressed; sticky at first or when wet; bald; dark blackish purple when young, becoming deep purple or brownish purple (sometimes also reported with greenish shades mixed in); the margin lined by maturity; the skin peeling easily 1/2-2/3 to the center.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or just beginning to run down it; close; white to creamy.

Stem: 3-8 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; pale to dark purple or pinkish purple; bald or slightly hairy; sometimes staining yellow at the base.

Flesh: White; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive, or sometimes sweetish and slightly fruity; taste acrid.

Dried Specimens: Cap and stem retaining purple shades; gills dull yellowish.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface reddish orange. Iron salts pale pink on stem surface.

Spore Print: White to creamy.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-9 x 5-6 ; ellipsoid; with isolated amyloid warts to 1 high; connectors scattered and rare. Pleuro-and cheilomacrocystidia cylindric to fusiform; hyaline in KOH; abundant; to about 75 x 12 . Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm; pileocystidia abundant, cylindric to subclavate, ochraceous-refractive in KOH and positive in sulphovanillin.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

RE: https://mastodon.social/@tippitiwichet/115682421578964345

Hey #mycology peeps. Or #gardening peeps branching into #mushrooms You want to use this footage? Yes, you may. Might appreciate a shout out in the credits.

#fungiFriday #shroom

Hypsizygus tessulatus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hypsizygus_tessulatus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; usually growing in clusters of two or three; widely distributed in eastern and northern North America, and sometimes reported from the Rocky Mountains and the West Coast; fall. The illustrated and described collections are from Michigan and Québec.

Cap: 4-8 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex with a slightly inrolled margin; dry; bald; whitish to buff or very pale tan; sometimes "tessulated" with watery spots when fresh and young.

Gills: Attached to the stem; close; short-gills frequent; whitish; not bruising.

Stem: 3-8 cm long, 1-2 cm thick; equal or slightly club-shaped; dry; bald or very finely silky; whitish to very pale tan.

Flesh: Firm; white; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive, or slightly mealy; taste not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface negative.

Spore Print: White to buff.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 m; subglobose; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Lamellar trama parallel. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 2-4 m wide, often clamped, smooth, hyaline in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Tubaria furfuracea

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Tubaria_furfuracea.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing gregariously, usually on deadwood or woody debris; often found in urban settings in mulch, wood chips, or disturbed ground, but also found in woods on or around decaying logs and stumps; more likely to appear in winter or spring, but also appearing in summer and fall; originally described from Germany (Schaeffer 1772); widespread in Eurasia, North America, and Oceania; reported from Central America, South America, and southern Africa. The illustrated and described collections are from California, Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio.

Cap: 1-4 cm across; convex at first, becoming broadly convex or nearly flat; moist or dry; brown to cinnamon brown, fading to dull brownish or nearly buff; more or less bald, but when fresh usually adorned with whitish partial veil fibrils and remnants, especially in the marginal half; the margin not lined, or only faintly so.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; short-gills frequent; pale brownish to brownish yellow at first, becoming darker brown; edges faintly whitish at maturity.

Stem: 2-5 cm long and 1-4 mm thick; more or less equal; usually at least slightly fibrillose to fibrillose-scaly; whitish to brownish or brown; occasionally with a poorly defined, ephemeral ring zone but without a true ring; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Brownish to whitish; insubstantial; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive, or slightly fragrant.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface negative or grayish.

Spore Print: When fresh brownish yellow to cinnamon brown; dried prints are brown to cinnamon brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6.5-9.5 x 4-5.5 m; ellipsoid, with a tiny apiculus but without a pore; smooth; pale brown to dull yellowish in KOH, with multiple droplets; inamyloid; occasionally collapsing in both KOH and Melzer's mounts. Basidia 25-35 x 4-6 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia 30-70 x 8-12.5 m; cylindric, with apices usually capitate but sometimes clavate, subclavate, or merely rounded; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 5-15 m wide, smooth or slightly brownish-encrusted, hyaline to brown in KOH. Clamp connections present.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

#AI could help win ‘race against #extinction’ of vital #plants, say botanists | Plants | The Guardian

The headline mentions plants but the article is also about #Fungi, which aren’t plants.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/jun/16/ai-could-help-win-race-against-extinction-of-vital-plants-say-botanists

#Science #Biology #Botany #Mycology

Ramaria fennica

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Ramaria_fennica.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; apparently widely distributed in eastern North America.

Fruiting Body: 5-12 cm high; 7-8 cm wide; base well developed; branching repeatedly.

Branches: Vertically oriented and elongated; smooth; purplish below; olive yellow to yellow or smoky yellowish above, becoming grayish to orangish or brownish as the spores mature; tips concolorous.

Base: Usually well developed; to 5 cm wide; white below; lilac to purple above.

Flesh: Whitish, often with watery areas; firm.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste usually bitter, or reminiscent of sauerkraut.

Spore Print: Yellowish to orangish.

Chemical Reactions: Iron salts green on branches; KOH red on branches.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8.5-12 x 3.5-5.5 ; subfusoid to stretched-elliptical; roughened; yellowish in KOH. Clamp connections present.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Climacodon septentrionalis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Climacodon_septentrionalis.html

Ecology: Parasitic on hardwoods, especially green ash, sugar maple, and beech; growing in large shelf-like clusters in the wounds of living trees, or on recently dead stumps or trunks; summer and fall; northeastern North America, south to Kentucky and Tennessee and west to the Great Plains.

Caps: Up to 30 cm across and 5 cm thick at the base; convex, flat, or shallowly depressed; kidney-shaped or semicircular in outline; sticky or dry; hairy or roughened; whitish, becoming yellowish with age; sometimes with fine concentric zones of texture.

Undersurface: Spines 1-2.5 cm long; tightly packed; white at first, becoming yellowish with age.

Stem: Absent, but caps often share a whitish basal plate.

Flesh: White; tough; unchanging when sliced; zoned.

Odor and Taste: Taste mild when young, but bitter or unpleasant in age; odor not distinctive, becoming foul with age.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4.5-5 x 2-2.5 ; smooth; ellipsoid; inamyloid. Cystidia fusoid to mucronate; thick-walled; often encrusted. Hyphal system monomitic. Clamp connections present.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Hidden Infrastructure

https://anonsys.net/display/bf69967c-296a-3114-e967-6f8533333102