Peziza michelii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Peziza_michelii.html

Ecology: Saprobic, or perhaps mycorrhizal; growing alone or gregariously, often near roadbanks, paths, and so on; May through September; apparently fairly widely distributed east of the Great Plains (my collections come from northern Michigan, Illinois, and Tennessee).

Fruiting Body: Goblet-shaped to cup-shaped when young, becoming saucer-shaped; 5-30 mm across; upper surface bald, lilac to purple; undersurface bald or very finely granular, nearly whitish at first, becoming yellowish, staining slowly yellow; stem absent; attached to the substrate at a central location; odor and taste not distinctive; flesh whitish to yellowish, when squeezed exuding a juice that stains surfaces slowly bright yellow to brownish yellow.

Spore Print: Not recorded.

Microscopic Features: Spores 13-17 x 7-9 ; at maturity warty; ellipsoid; biguttulate. Asci eight-spored; with blue tips in Melzer's reagent; up to 300 x 18 . Paraphyses with subclavate or merely rounded apices 3-6 wide.

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Galerina sphagnorum

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Galerina_sphagnorum.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing gregariously in sphagnum in marshes, bogs, and so on; summer and fall; northern and montane North America. The illustrated and described collection is from New Jersey.

Cap: 10-25 mm; conic at first, becoming broadly conic to convex with a sharp central bump; dry; bald; pale yellow to golden brownish; fading markedly as it dries out, creating a two-toned appearance; the margin lined, adorned with whitish veil fibrils when very young, but soon becoming naked.

Gills: Broadly or narrowly attached to the stem; close; short-gills frequent; whitish to yellowish at first, becoming brownish to rusty brown as the spores mature; not bruising; in very young buttons covered by a whitish partial veil.

Stem: 50-75 mm long; 1-2 mm thick; more or less equal; dry; bald or with a few tiny fibrils; whitish to yellowish; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Insubstantial; brownish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Rusty brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-10.5 x 5-6 m; subamygdaliform; practically smooth; yellowish to brownish in KOH; dextrinoid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 35-50 x 7.5-10 m; cylindric to narrowly lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded, subclavate, or subcapitate apex; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis. Clamp connections present.

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Aureoboletus auriporus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Aureoboletus_auriporus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and possibly other hardwoods; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in eastern North America, through Texas into Mexico, Central America, and South America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 1.5-5 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex; tacky to sticky when fresh; bald or, when young, very finely velvety; pinkish brown to reddish brown or brown, sometimes with a mottled appearance; the margin with or without a tiny overhanging, sterile portion.

Pore Surface: Bright yellow, becoming dull yellow; not bruising, but sometimes developing pinkish to reddish spots with age; 1-2 pores per mm at maturity; tubes olive yellow, to 8 mm deep.

Stem: 4-7 cm long; 5-8 mm thick; slender; tapering to apex; bald; sticky when fresh; yellowish near apex; elsewhere streaky reddish and yellowish, becoming brownish; when young sometimes covered with fine yellow flocculence; not reticulate; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White to pale yellow; not changing on exposure.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste of sticky cap surface acidic and sour (like putting your tongue on a radio battery); taste of flesh not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia negative, green, or gray on cap; negative or bluish on flesh. KOH negative to orangish on cap; negative to yellowish on flesh. Iron salts negative to gray on cap; negative to gray on flesh; dark green to bluish on tubes.

Spore Print: Olive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 11-16 x 4-5.5 m; ellipsoid to subfusoid; smooth; yellowish in KOH. Hymenial cystidia 30-65 x 7.5-12.5 m; fusiform or lageniform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a partially gelatinized cutis; elements 2.5-5 m wide, smooth, hyaline to golden in KOH, sometimes poorly defined; terminal cells cylindric with rounded apices.

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Phillipsia domingensis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Phillipsia_domingensis.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the well-decayed wood of hardwoods; growing alone or gregariously; appearing year-round; originally described from the Dominican Republic; widespread in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; in North America distributed along the Gulf Coast from Florida to the Yucatán Peninsula; also reported from Oceania, Asia, and southern Africa. The illustrated and described collection is from Florida.

Fruiting Body: Disc-shaped to cup-shaped; 2 to 9 cm across; upper surface bright red, fading with age to pinkish red, bald, becoming vaguely and shallowly wrinkled in places with maturity; undersurface whitish, bald or very finely fuzzy; stem absent, or vaguely defined and rudimentary; flesh whitish, not changing when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 25-31 x 13-16 m; asymmetrically subfusiform, with one side usually more convex than the other; lined lengthwise with 6-8 wide striations (3-4 visible at once); usually biguttulate; thick-walled; hyaline in water and in KOH; often germinating and developing projections. Asci 8-spored; thick-walled. Paraphyses filiform with subclavate or merely rounded apices; 2-4 m wide; not or scarcely projecting; smooth; hyaline or with dull red contents.

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Armillaria solidipes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Armillaria_solidipes.html

Ecology: Parasitic and saprobic on the wood and roots of conifers (including spruces, pines, and hemlocks) and, less frequently, hardwoods (especially aspens and birches within conifer forests, but also documented on black oak); causing a root rot; typically growing in dense clusters; summer and fall; originally described from Colorado (Peck 1900); widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from California, Colorado, and North Carolina.

Cap: 3-10 cm; convex at first, becoming broadly convex or nearly flat in age; dry or slightly moist; dark brown to pinkish brown, cinnamon brown or yellow-brown underneath small, tan to brown or blackish scales; the margin sometimes becoming finely lined.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close or nearly distant; short-gills frequent; white or whitish when young and fresh, developing pinkish hues and/or reddish brown spots and discolorations.

Stem: 5-10 cm long; 0.5-2 cm thick; more or less equal, or slightly tapered to base; whitish, becoming brownish to yellowish, gray, or nearly black toward the base; finely hairy with brownish fibrils; with a well-developed whitish ring that may feature a yellowish or brownish underside or edge; usually with yellowish mycelium near the base; attached to long black rhizomorphs that run through the wood.

Flesh: Whitish, sometimes becoming pinkish brown with maturity; often yellow in the stem base; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste mild to slightly bitter.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface negative.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10.5 x 4-6.5 m; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 30-35 x 4-6 m; clavate; often basally clamped; 4-spored. Cheilocystidia ("marginal cells") inconspicuous; 15-25 x 2.5-5 m; cylindric-flexuous, subclavate, or subfusiform; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis; golden brownish in KOH; elements 5-10 m wide, smooth; terminal cells cylindric with rounded apices.

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Dacrymyces stillatus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Dacrymyces_stillatus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing gregariously on the wood of hardwoods (especially oaks) or conifers; spring through fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from Europe; widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and Oceania; in North America widely distributed from Alaska to Mexico, Florida, and the Maritime Provinces. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Fruiting Body: 2-8 mm across; usually blob-like or cushion shaped, but occasionally with brain-like wrinkles; surface bald and shiny, moist or sticky when fresh; sometimes with a vaguely stem-like basal portion; yellow to orange-yellow or yellow-orange; flesh gelatinous.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 12-15 x 6-8 m; allantoid or elongated-ellipsoid; thick-walled; apiculate; smooth; hyaline in KOH, with many oil droplets; tardily becoming septate with 1-3 thick septa; developing knoblike projections with germination. Probasidia 45 x 4-5 m; subclavate to clavate; developing 2 short, stubby apical protrusions that eventually extend to become sterigmata on mature basidia. Basidia Y-shaped; to 60 x 5 m, with sterigmata 12-20 m long. Contextual hyphae 1.5-3 m wide; smooth or a little roughened; hyaline in KOH; clamp connections not found. Arthrospores often present, disarticulating from chained structures; 3-5 x 2-3.5 m; subglobose to broadly ellipsoid; smooth; thick-walled; hyaline in KOH.

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Mutinus caninus albus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Mutinus_caninus_albus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or gregariously in gardens and cultivated areas, or in woods; summer and fall; originally described from Oregon; also distributed in the upper Midwest, from Minnesota to Michigan. The illustrated and described collections are from Michigan and Wisconsin.

Immature Fruiting Body: A whitish "egg" 2-3 cm high and 1.5-2 cm wide; surface smooth; when sliced revealing the stinkhorn-to-be encased in a gelatinous substance.

Mature Fruiting Body: 6-10 cm high; 8-15 mm thick at widest point; cylindric, with an abruptly tapered apex; hollow; surface spongy, granular and wrinkled when young, becoming pocked, whitish to faintly yellowish; apex sterile and becoming perforated at maturity; when fresh covered with brown to olive brown spore slime in an apical zone, sometimes with a sharply delimited lower limit; base encased in a white to yellowish, sacklike volva; attached to thin white rhizomorphs.

Odor: Foul and strong while the spore slime is present.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3-4 x 1.5-2 m; cylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Sphaerocysts of the pseudostipe 20-50 m across; irregularly subglobose; walls 0.5-1 m thick; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Hyphae of the volva cylindric; 4-7 m wide; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Clamp connections not found.

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Marasmius strictipes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Marasmius_strictipes.html

Ecology: Saprobic on leaf litter in hardwood forests; growing alone or gregariously, occasionally in clusters; summer and fall; east of the Mississippi River.

Cap: 3-7 cm across; convex, becoming flat; dry; the margin becoming uplifted; typically bald overall and faintly lined at the margin; becoming a little wrinkled over the center; moist; yellow to orangish yellow or yellowish; fading markedly as it dries out (often resulting in a patchy, two-toned appearance).

Gills: Attached to the stem or nearly free from it; close or crowded; whitish, pale yellow, or orangish yellow.

Stem: 3-9 cm long; up to 1 cm thick; equal; dry; straight; tough; sometimes with a faint bloom or dusting; with copious white basal mycelium; whitish or pale yellow.

Flesh: Thin; insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Taste mild or slightly radishlike; odor not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-10.5 x 3-4.5 ; smooth; long-elliptical or with one end subfusiform; inamyloid. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia abundant but short; 14-35 x 4-9 ; irregularly clavate to cylindric or subfusiform. Trama dextrinoid. Pileipellis hymeniform. Caulocystidia present; variously shaped (cylindric, subfusiform, subclavate, slightly lobed); 4-7 wide.

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Morchella virginiana

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Morchella_virginiana.html

Ecology: Possibly saprobic and mycorrhizal at different points in its life cycle; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously under tulip trees in river bottoms, coastal plains, and drainage areas, often in sandy soil; April and May; southeastern United States (DNA verified from Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia).

Cap: 3-7 cm tall and 2-3.5 cm wide; egg-shaped, with a rounded or bluntly conic apex; pitted and ridged, with the pits primarily arranged vertically; when young with flattened, bald or finely velvety, yellowish ridges and grayish brown pits; when mature with sharpened or eroded, brownish yellow to yellowish brown ridges and similarly colored pits; attached to the stem directly, without a groove; hollow.

Stem: 2.5-6 cm high and 1-2 cm wide; more or less equal, or sometimes a little swollen at the base; whitish to pale yellowish; bald or finely mealy with granules; hollow.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-25(-28) x 10-16 ; smooth; elliptical; without oil droplets; contents homogeneous. Asci 8-spored. Paraphyses cylindric with variable apices; septate; hyaline to brownish in KOH. Elements on sterile ridges scattered and infrequent (often difficult to locate or distinguish from paraphyses); 100-175 x 10-30 ; septate; hyaline to brownish or brown in KOH; terminal cell widely cylindric, with a rounded, subclavate, subclavate, or subfusiform apex.

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Xeromphalina kauffmanii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Xeromphalina_kauffmanii.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; growing in dense clusters (sometimes by the hundreds!) on stumps and logs, or occasionally growing in small clusters or even alone; spring through fall; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Arkansas, Michigan, and Québec.

Cap: 0.5-2 cm across; convex to broadly convex or flat overall, developing a deep central depression; bald; becoming lined or pleated, especially toward the margin; brownish yellow to brownish orange or orangish brown; paler towards the margin; fading.

Gills: Running down the stem; close or nearly distant; with many cross-veins; pale yellow; short-gills frequent.

Stem: 1-2.5 cm long; 1-2 mm thick; more or less equal, or tapered to the base; rusty yellow above, darker brown below; bald, or sometimes with orange basal mycelium; wiry.

Flesh: Insubstantial; yellowish.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH bright red on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3-6 x 2-3 m; ellipsoid; smooth; weakly to moderately amyloid. Pleuro- and cheilocystidia fusiform to narrowly clavate; up to about 30 x 10 m. Caulocystidia clavate to fusiform; thin-walled. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 3-15 m wide, encrusted, orangish, clamped at septa.

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