Amanita bisporigera

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Amanita_bisporigera.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks, and possibly with other hardwoods; summer and fall; widely distributed and common in eastern North America from Texas to the north woods and the maritime provinces.

Cap: 2.5-10 cm; almost oval, becoming convex, then broadly convex to somewhat bell-shaped or nearly flat in age; bald (very rarely with a volval patch); dry or a little sticky; stark white to ivory, sometimes discoloring towards the center in age--or rarely a little yellowish or pinkish with maturity; the margin not lined.

Gills: Free, or nearly free, from the stem; close or crowded; with frequent short-gills; white.

Stem: 5.5-14 cm long; 0.5-2 cm thick; usually tapering somewhat to apex and flaring to an enlarged base; somewhat shaggy or nearly bald; white; with a persistent, thin, high, skirtlike ring; with a white, sacklike volva encasing the base, which may be underground or broken up.

Flesh: White throughout.

Odor: Not distinctive in young specimens, but often becoming foul and unpleasant (sickly sweet, or reminiscent of rotting meat) with old age.

Spore Print: White.

Chemical Reactions: KOH bright yellow on cap surface.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 6-9 ; smooth; globose to subglobose or very broadly ellipsoid; amyloid. Basidia without clamps; 2-spored--or, according to Rod Tulloss (http://www.amanitaceae.org/?Phalloideae+of+North+and+Central+America" TARGET="new possibly 2-spored early in the season and 4-spored as the season progresses. Pileipellis a cutis or ixocutis of hyphae 2-6 wide. Lamellar trama bilateral; subhymenium ramose.

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Tyromyces fumidiceps

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Tyromyces_fumidiceps.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; causing a white rot; annual; growing alone or gregariously; often found along riverbottoms, creeks, and low-lying areas subject to floods; summer and fall; fairly widely distributed east of the Great Plains.

Cap: Usually present and well developed but occasionally present merely as a folded-over edge above a spreading pore surface; up to 6 cm across and 4 cm deep; convex; semicircular to kidney-shaped; velvety to slightly hairy at first, becoming bald; off-white, grayish, smoky gray, brownish, or grayish brown; soft.

Pore Surface: Whitish, becoming yellowish or pale olive in old age or when dried out; not bruising appreciably; with 4-7 angular pores per mm; tubes to 1 cm deep; tube mouths often becoming covered with crystals.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: White; soft and watery when fresh.

Odor and Taste: Odor fragrant when fresh; taste not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to yellowish on cap surface and flesh.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 2.5-4 x 2-3 ; smooth; ellipsoid to subglobose; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Cystidia absent, but occasional fusoid cystidioles present. Hyphal system monomitic, with conspicuous clamp connections; contextual hyphae with frequent short side branches.

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Hydnellum concrescens

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hydnellum_concrescens.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods (especially oaks); growing alone or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in eastern North America (but see the note below about western collections).

Cap: Often fused with other caps; 2-10 cm wide; planoconvex, becoming flat or shallowly depressed; finely velvety or nearly bald; not infrequently developing pits, radially arranged ridges, or elaborate outgrowths; brownish pink to pinkish brown, sometimes fading to nearly whitish; with concentric zones of texture and/or color; the fresh margin bruising dark brown to black.

Undersurface: Running down the stem; covered with crowded spines that are 1-3 mm long; whitish at first, becoming brownish to brown.

Stem: 2-4 cm long; .5-2 cm thick at apex; often swollen and velvety or spongy, especially towards the base.

Flesh: Pinkish to brownish, often with zones of these shades; tough but pliant.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive, or mealy; taste mild or mealy.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on flesh blue-green to olive, then slowly gray to black--or promptly black.

Spore Print: Brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-7 ; subglobose to irregular; prominently nodulose. Clamp connections absent.

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Conocybe deliquescens

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Conocybe_deliquescens.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or scattered in grassy areas; summer and fall; probably widely distributed east of the Great Plains, but more common in the Great Lakes region. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 1-3 cm; collapsed-conical; slimy; bald; orangish brown to reddish brown; grooved; dissolving quickly.

Gills: Usually well formed (before turning into mush), but sometimes fusing together or only rudimentary; rusty brown; fragile; soon dissolving.

Stem: 5-8 cm long; 1-3 mm thick; soon tilting over with the weight of the cap; equal; white; bald; hollow.

Flesh: Insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH black on cap surface.

Microscopic Features: Spores 11-16 x 7-10 m; ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, with a large pore; smooth; walls 1 m thick; orangish brown in KOH; brownish orange in Melzer's. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Brachybasidioles present. Pleurocystidia not found. Cheilocystidia not found.

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Morchella capitata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Morchella_capitata.html

Ecology: Possibly saprobic and mycorrhizal at different points in its life cycle; appearing in lightly burned spruce and fir forests in Oregon, and possibly in conifer burn sites throughout western North America, in the spring or summer following the fire.

Cap: 4-8 cm tall and 2.5-8 cm wide; conical or nearly so, but occasionally egg-shaped or nearly round; pitted and ridged, with the pits primarily arranged vertically by maturity; when young with bald or finely velvety, flattened, olive green or brownish ridges and pits; when mature with flattened to sharpened or eroded, dark brown to black ridges and brownish to tan pits; attached to the stem with a small groove (1-7 mm deep); hollow.

Stem: 2.5-5 cm high and 2-5 cm wide; equal, or sometimes becoming somewhat swollen at the base; whitish to pale brownish; bald or finely mealy with granules; chambered and layered inside (often densely so), even when young.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-25 x 12-17(-19) ; smooth; elliptical; without oil droplets; contents homogeneous. Asci 8-spored. Paraphyses cylindric with clavate, subfusiform, or merely rounded apices; septate; hyaline to brownish in KOH. Elements on sterile ridges 75-200 x 10-35 ; septate; brown in KOH; terminal cell usually subcapitate, capitate, or dramatically capitate (strongly swollen and subglobose) but occasionally clavate or merely cylindrical with a rounded apex.

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Mycena inclinata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Mycena_inclinata.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the well decayed wood of hardwoods; usually growing in dense clusters (but sometimes growing alone or scattered); spring and fall (or over winter in warmer climates) widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, and occasionally reported on the West Coast.

Cap: 1-5 cm; broadly conical, becoming broadly bell-shaped and usually retaining a central bump; vaguely lined or grooved radially; bald; tacky; the margin usually featuring tiny, fringe-like "teeth" when young, and in age often becoming somewhat tattered, or splitting; color variable (brown to yellowish brown, brownish or tan, but often developing yellow stains and areas); fading to dingy whitish with exposure to sunlight.

Gills: Narrowly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; sometimes with well developed cross-gills when mature; whitish to pale grayish, sometimes becoming yellowish or pinkish in age; not bruising or staining.

Stem: 5-10 cm long; 2-4 mm thick; equal; hollow; bald or with tiny fibers and flakes, especially when young; whitish near the apex, yellowish to yellow in the midsection, and brown to reddish brown below.

Flesh: Insubstantial; pale.

Odor and Taste: Odor mealy to foul and mealy; taste mealy.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to brownish on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 5-7 ; amyloid; broadly elliptical; smooth. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia abundant; of the "broom cell" type, with rod-like projections and nodes. Pileipellis elements diverticulate, with short nodes and rod-like projections.

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Clavariadelphus americanus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Clavariadelphus_americanus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and pines; growing scattered or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in eastern North America.

Fruiting Body: 3-15 cm high; up to about 3 cm wide at the apex; cylindric or narrowly club-shaped at first, becoming more broadly club-shaped with age; dry; initially smooth, becoming shallowly wrinkled; orangish buff when young, darkening to orangish brown or cinnamon brown; flesh whitish, sometimes staining brownish in places when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Surface negative with KOH, greenish with iron salts.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-12 x 4-6 ; broadly egg-shaped; smooth.

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Russula pulverulenta

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Russula_pulverulenta.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods or conifers; sometimes found in urban settings; growing alone (usually so, in my collecting experience), scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains.

Cap: 3.5-8 cm; convex with an inrolled margin when young, becoming broadly convex to flat with a shallow depression, with a more or less straight margin that is prominently grooved and pimply; dry or slightly moist; when young covered by a dense layer of orange-yellow to yellow material which eventually breaks up to form loose patches that often wear off with age; dark grayish brown to yellowish brown; the skin peeling away easily at the margin, sometimes about halfway to the center.

Gills: Attached to the stem; close or almost distant; not generally forking, or occasionally forking near the stem; white; sometimes discoloring brownish to yellowish in age.

Stem: 3.5-5 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; when young white, overlaid with yellow granules; later whitish towards the top and yellowish below; sometimes discoloring yellowish brown with age; dry; often becoming cavernous; fairly smooth.

Flesh: White to pale yellowish; unchanging when sliced; olive to olive brown around worm holes.

Odor and Taste: Odor sweet and fragrant, or slightly foul, or in some cases absent; taste slightly to moderately acrid.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface orange to orangish or negative. Iron salts on stem surface negative.

Spore Print: Creamy.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-8 x 5-7 ; with warts .4-1.2 high; broadly elliptical or nearly round; connecting lines scattered, occasionally forming partial reticula. Pleurocystidia positive in sulphovanillin. Pileocystidia absent. Floccose patches on cap and stem composed of warty, septate hyphae that are yellow in a water mount (avoid KOH, which dissolves the warts).

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Ganoderma oregonense

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Ganoderma_oregonense.html

Ecology: Saprobic and sometimes parasitic; growing alone or in groups on decaying conifer logs and stumps, or from the wounds of injured, living trees; causing a white rot; annual; fall through spring; distributed in the Pacific Northwest and California. The illustrated and described collection is from Oregon.

Cap: 10-50+ cm across; 5-15+ cm deep; more or less semicircular in outline, or irregularly kidney-shaped; surface with a lacquered-looking outer crust; brownish red or reddish brown overall, with or without a few paler zones; bald.

Pore Surface: Whitish to pale brownish when young, becoming medium brown with age; bruising darker brown; with 2-4 circular pores per mm; tubes 1-3 cm deep.

Stem: Usually absent; when present lateral and stubby, lacquered, brownish red to reddish brown.

Flesh: Tough but not woody; whitish to creamy; without melanoid bands or concentric growth zones (see discussion).

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH instantly black on flesh.

Spore Print: Reddish brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 11-16 6-8 m including the hyaline vesicular appendix; more or less ellipsoid, with a truncated end; appearing double-walled, with a series of "pillars" between the walls; finely stippled; inamyloid; brown in KOH. Cystidia and setae not found. Hyphal system trimitic. Clamp connections present. Terminal cells on cap surface clavate; 7.5-12.5 m wide; thick-walled; golden in KOH.

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Perenniporia ohiensis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Perenniporia_ohiensis.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; common on fence posts and rails (especially those of locust wood); causing a white rot; resupinate or, more commonly, with a cap; perennial; found year-round (especially in warmer climates) but generally appearing in summer and fall; fairly widely distributed in North America from the East Coast to the Rocky Mountains and the Southwest, but apparently absent or rare on the West Coast and in the Pacific Northwest.

Fruiting Body: Sometimes lacking a cap but usually with a tough, hoof-shaped cap measuring up to 2 cm across; upper surface smooth or finely velvety, whitish at first, becoming brownish and eventually black, often with a zoned appearance; pore surface ivory white, the pores surrounded by thick walls; 3-7 pores per mm; tubes to 4 mm deep per layer; flesh woody and tough, whitish to brownish; stem absent.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Cap surface red to blackish with KOH.

Spore Print: Presumably white, but not documented (I have not tried to obtain one).

Microscopic Features: Spores 13-16 x 7-10 (but my collections frequently feature smaller spores, measuring 8-11 x 5-6 ); smooth; elliptical, with a severely truncated end; hyaline in KOH; in Melzer's sometimes faintly or strongly dextrinoid; thick-walled. Cystidia absent. Hyphal system di- to trimitic.

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