Floccularia albolanaripes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Floccularia_albolanaripes.html

Ecology: Probably mycorrhizal; usually associated with conifers in the Rocky Mountains, but associated with hardwoods (especially oaks and alders) or conifers on the West Coast; growing alone or scattered; western in distribution; summer and fall in the Rockies; fall and winter on the West Coast.

Cap: 4-12 cm; convex when young, becoming planoconvex or flat; slightly sticky at first but soon dry; adorned with pressed-down fibers (especially over the center); in maturity sometimes with a few small scales; often bright yellow when young but usually soon yellow-brown or brown, at least over the center; the margin usually becoming yellow with age.

Gills: Attached to the stem by a notch, or nearly free from the stem; close; whitish or yellowish.

Stem: 2-8 cm long; up to 2.5 cm thick; more or less equal; whitish and smooth near the apex; sheathed below with shaggy zones of soft scales that are whitish at first but may develop yellowish or brownish tips; sometimes with a poorly defined ring ("the uppermost zone purely by virtue of its position is considered the annulus," says Smith).

Flesh: White or a little yellowish; not changing on exposure.

Taste: Not distinctive; odor not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-8 x 4-5 ; smooth; elliptical; amyloid.

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Hygrophorus purpurascens

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hygrophorus_purpurascens.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with conifers; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; late summer and fall (over winter in warmer climates); fairly widely distributed in northern and western North America, and reported from the Appalachian Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado and Québec.

Cap: 2.5-8 cm; convex when young, becoming broadly convex or more or less flat; sticky when fresh or wet; with a streaked appearance from stretched-out, pinkish purple, appressed fibers; pinkish red to purplish red, but lighter toward the margin; the margin inrolled when young.

Gills: Attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close or nearly distant; white when young, becoming somewhat pinkish and developing purplish or reddish spots and discolorations; waxy; when young covered by a whitish, hairy or tissuelike partial veil.

Stem: 3-7 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; equal, or with a tapering base; dry; frequently with a fragile purplish ring or ring zone, but also frequently without evidence of the veil when mature; colored like the cap or a little paler; not discoloring yellowish.

Flesh: White; unchanging; firm.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste not distinctive, or slightly bitter.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface erasing purple shades, becoming grayish to yellowish gray.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5.5-8 x 3-4.5 ; smooth; ellipsoid; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Hymenial cystidia absent. Lamellar trama divergent. Pileipellis an ixocutis.

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Cuphophyllus pratensis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Cuphophyllus_pratensis.html

Ecology: Precise ecological role uncertain (see Lodge and collaborators, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13225-013-0259-0/fulltext.html" TARGET="new">2013); growing scattered to gregariously in hardwood or conifer forests; late spring through fall (or over winter in warmer climates); widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections come from Illinois, Québec, and California.

Cap: 2-6 cm; convex when young, becoming broadly convex to nearly flat; dry, or slightly tacky when fresh; covered with very tiny, pressed-down fibers (use a hand lens), at least when young--but often more or less bald by maturity; brownish orange, fading to orangish buff; the margin not lined.

Gills: Running slightly down the stem; distant or nearly so; creamy orangish; short-gills frequent; often with cross-veins by maturity.

Stem: 2.5-4.5 cm long; 0.5-1.5 cm thick; fairly equal; bald; dry; creamy orangish to whitish; white at the base.

Flesh: Whitish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Taste not distinctive; odor not distinctive, or slightly foul and unpleasant.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-6.5 x 4-5 ; broadly ellipsoid, sublacrymoid, or subglobose; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 2- and 4-spored; 40-60 long. Hymenial cystidia absent. Lamellar trama interwoven. Pileipellis a cutis.

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Tremellodendron pallidum

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Tremellodendron_schweinitzii.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and possibly with other hardwoods; growing alone or gregariously on the ground, in soil or in moss; spring through late fall; widely distributed east of the Great Plains (also reported from New Mexico and Texas). The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Québec.

Fruiting Body: At first a whitish patch of fuzz, developing over a few weeks into a coral-like structure up to 10 cm high and 6 cm wide, with flattened branches arising from fused bases.

Branches: Flattened; bald; dry; whitish to buff when fresh and young, becoming yellowish with age and often developing green shades (from algae) when very old; tips flattened, colored like the branches, becoming somewhat ragged with age.

Flesh: Stringy and very tough; whitish.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste slightly bitter.

Chemical Reactions: Iron salts negative on branches.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-12 x 4-6 ; allantoid; hyaline in KOH; smooth. Basidia longitudinally cruciate-septate; ovoid to pyriform; to <NOBR>15 x 11 .</NOBR>

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Helvella crispa

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Helvella_crispa.html

Ecology: Possibly mycorrhizal; growing alone or gregariously under conifers or hardwoods, on rotting wood or terrestrially (often in disturbed-ground locations); summer and fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from Carniola, in present-day Slovenia (Scopoli 1772) and epitypified from Sweden (Skrede et al 2017); widely distributed in Europe and, as a morphological species, reported from central Asia and throughout North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.

Cap: 1.5-7 cm high; 1.5-4 cm wide; saddle-shaped and/or irregularly lobed; surface bald and smooth or slightly wrinkled; white to creamy or pale yellowish; undersurface finely fuzzy (use a hand lens), colored like the upper surface or slightly darker; the margin often curled upwards in places, not becoming fused with the stem where contact occurs.

Stem: 3-12 cm long; 0.5-3.5 cm wide; white; deeply and ornately ribbed, with cross-veins and pockets.

Flesh: Thin; brittle; often chambered in the stem; whitish; not changing when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 16-21 x 11-15 m; broadly ellipsoid; smooth; with one large, central oil droplet and, sometimes, several smaller droplets at each end; hyaline in KOH. Asci 225-275 x 10-17.5 m; 8-spored. Paraphyses exceeding the asci by 10-30 m; 3-5 m wide, with clavate apices 5-12.5 m wide. Excipular surface trichoderm-like; terminal elements appearing "cellular" from above, 8-18 m across, smooth, hyaline in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Entoloma murrayi

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Entoloma_murrayi.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously under hardwoods or conifers in swamps and wet woods; summer and fall; eastern North America, southward to Central America.

Cap: 1-3 cm; conical or bell-shaped, with a dramatically pointed center; silky; bright to dull yellow, with the uplifted center often becoming white; dry or somewhat sticky when fresh; the margin becoming lined and/or tattered with age.

Gills: Narrowly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; whitish to pale yellow at first, becoming pink as the spores mature; short-gills frequent.

Stem: 3-6 cm long; 2-3 mm thick; equal; hollow; fragile; dry; bald; yellow; with white mycelium at the base.

Flesh: Thin; fragile; colored like the cap.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive, or slightly radishlike to foul.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: Pink.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-10 ; cuboid; four-sided in profile; smooth; hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia scattered and often clustered; basidiole-like or longer and cylindric-clavate. Pileipellis an ixocutis of non-pigmented elements. Clamp connections absent or very rare.

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Clitopilus hobsonii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Clitopilus_hobsonii.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or gregariously on various plant substrates, including deadwood, bark, grasses, and plant stems; summer and fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from England, and found throughout Europe; in North America found east of the Great Plains and on the West Coast; also found in Oceania, Central America, and South America. The illustrated and described collection is from California.

Cap: 5-15 mm across; in outline semicircular to somewhat irregularly shaped; planoconvex; finely silky or nearly bald toward the margin, but velvety to thickly fuzzy near the point of attachment to the substrate; watery whitish.

Gills: Close or nearly distant; short-gills frequent; whitish.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Insubstantial; white; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Pinkish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 3-5 m; ellipsoid; ridged longitudinally (but appearing nearly smooth in side view); angular in end view; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 25 x 6 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate. Cystidia not found. Pileipellis a tightly packed cutis of elements 2-3 m wide, smooth, hyaline in KOH; with occasional exserted, cystidioid terminal cells. Clamp connections not found.

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Phlebia incarnata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Phlebia_incarnata.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in overlapping clusters on hardwood logs and stumps, particularly those of white oak, beech, maple, and birch; causing a white rot; annual; possibly associated with Stereum ostrea (see above); late spring, summer and fall (and over winter along the Gulf Coast); fairly widely distributed east of the Great Plains, and in Texas and Mexico.

Cap: 1.5-7 cm across; more or less semicircular, irregularly bracket-shaped, or kidney-shaped; flattened-convex; smooth or finely hairy; bright coral pink, fading with age; the margin wavy, often white.

Undersurface: Whitish to pinkish, becoming dirty white or tan; bald, but wrinkled, folded, or almost toothed near the point of attachment; bruising mustard yellow on mature specimens.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: White; soft at first, but soon fairly tough and leathery.

Chemical Reactions: Cap surface and flesh yellowish green to olive yellow, then pale orange, with KOH.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-6 x 2-2.5 ; smooth; elliptical; inamyloid. Cystidia, hyphidia, pseudoacanthohyphidia and acanthohyphidia absent. Clamp connections present.

REFERENCES: (Schweinitz, 1822) http://194.203.77.76/LibriFungorum/Image.asp?ItemID=134&ImageFileName=0241b.jpg" TARGET="new">Nakasone & Burdsall, 1984. (http://194.203.77.76/librifungorum/Image.asp?ItemID=34&ImageFileName=SyllogeFungorum6-411.jpg" TARGET="new 1888; Ginns, 1976; Lincoff, 1992; Metzler & Metzler, 1992; Barron, 1999; Miller & Miller, 2006; Binion et al., 2008.) Herb. Kuo 05280404.

Merulius incarnatus is a synonym.

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<IMG SRC="images/kuo/phlebia_incarnata_01.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phlebia_incarnata_04_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo/phlebia_incarnata_02.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="182" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phlebia_incarnata_03_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phlebia_incarnata_05_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="130" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata"><BR>KOH

<IMG SRC="images/kuo4/phlebia_incarnata_06_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Phlebia incarnata">

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Fuscopostia fragilis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Fuscopostia_fragilis.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of spruces and other conifers; causing a brown rot; growing alone or gregariously; annual; spring through fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from Sweden; widely distributed in Europe and in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

Fruiting Body: Often producing a well-developed cap, but sometimes effused-reflexed, with only a few cap-like edges.

Cap (when present): 2.5-12 cm across; up to 2 cm deep; irregularly rectangular, or vaguely semicircular in outline; planoconvex to flat; dry or a little moist; fuzzy to appressed-hairy; whitish at first, but soon staining and discoloring reddish brown to brown.

Pore Surface: Whitish; bruising reddish brown to brown; with 4-5 angular pores per mm, especially near the margin&mdash;but the pores usually become lacerated and toothlike; tubes up to 15 mm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: White; unchanging when sliced; soft and pliable, becoming tougher with age.

Odor and Taste: Odor fragrant, or not distinctive; taste not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on flesh; negative on cap surface; negative or slightly olive on pore surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 x 2-2.5 m (but occasionally as large as 7 x 3 m); allantoid to cylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 15-18 x 4-5 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate. Cystidia not found. Setae not found. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae 2-6 m wide, thin- or moderately thick-walled, smooth, hyaline to orange-brown in KOH, with conspicuous clamp connections.

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Morchella brunnea

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Morchella_brunnea.html

Ecology: Possibly saprobic and mycorrhizal at different points in its life cycle; appearing under hardwoods, including oaks and Pacific madrone--and possibly under conifers; spring; documented from Oregon but probably to be expected throughout western North America.

Cap: 3-5 cm tall and 2.5-3.5 cm wide; conical or nearly so; pitted and ridged, with the pits primarily arranged vertically; when young with bald or finely velvety, flattened, dark brown to black ridges and pale tan pits; when mature with flattened to sharpened or eroded, black ridges and brown to yellowish brown pits; attached to the stem with a small groove (2-3 mm deep); hollow.

Stem: 2-5 cm high and 1-3 cm wide; equal, or with a slightly swollen base; whitish; bald or finely mealy with granules; developing fine ridges and/or a few folds near the base; hollow.

Microscopic Features: Spores 22-36(-40) x 14-20(-25) ; smooth; elliptical; without oil droplets; contents homogeneous. Asci 8-spored. Paraphyses cylindric with variable apices; septate; hyaline in KOH. Elements on sterile ridges 75-160 x 12-28 ; septate; hyaline to brownish in KOH; terminal cell clavate (sometimes strikingly so), subcapitate, or widely subfusiform.

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