Clitocybe sclerotoidea

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Clitocybe_sclerotoidea.html

Ecology: Parasitic on Helvella lacunosa; growing under conifers in clusters, often with malformed mushrooms also present; fall and winter (rarely in summer); Pacific Northwest. The illustrated and described collections are from California.

Cap: 1-4 cm; convex, becoming planoconvex; bald to the naked eye but finely hairy with a hand lens; dirty whitish to pale grayish or brownish, often with watery spots; sometimes blackening in places with age or on handling; the margin at first inrolled.

Gills: Attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; nearly distant; short-gills present; whitish at first, darkening to grayish brown.

Stem: 1-3 cm long; 1-1.5 cm thick; more or less equal; finely velvety or hairy; arising from a swollen mass of fuzzy white tissue measuring up to 6 x 4 cm.

Flesh: Whitish.

Odor and Taste: Odor foul, or not distinctive; taste not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Details: Spores 8-10 x 2.5-3.5 m; subfusiform to fusiform; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 30-35 x 5-6 m; subclavate; 4-sterigmate. Cystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis or ixocutis; elements 2.5-5 m wide, smooth, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, with clamp connections.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Amanita submaculata

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Amanita_submaculata.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer through fall; originally described from North Carolina (Peck 1900); probably widely distributed east of the Great Plains; reported from the Caribbean and Central America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Massachusetts, and North Carolina.

Cap: 4-10 cm; egg-shaped to convex at first, expanding to planoconvex or nearly flat; tacky when fresh and young but soon dry; bald; dark gray-brown at first, becoming grayish brown with a darker center and a paler margin, with the pigment radially streaked; often developing whitish streaks and small spots as the pigment separates; sometimes with small, whitish to grayish warts, especially over the center and when young; the margin not lined, or slightly lined at maturity.

Gills: Free from the stem or slightly attached to it; close or nearly crowded; with frequent short-gills; white; rarely bruising reddish.

Stem: 5-15 cm long; 0.5-2 cm thick; tapering slightly to apex; often, but not always, with a slight basal bulb; with an ample white ring that is usually attached at the very apex of the stem, hanging skirtlike; whitish under brownish fibrils; rarely bruising and discoloring reddish, especially near the base (see discussion above); base often featuring loosely adhering fragments or ringlets of whitish to gray universal veil material.

Flesh: White; not staining on exposure.

Odor: Sweetish and fruity, or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to slightly yellowish on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-10 x 4.5-7 m; ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, with an apiculus; smooth; amyloid. Basidia 25-30 x 6-8 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate; without basal clamps. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis an ixocutis of elements 2-7.5 m wide, hyaline in KOH. Lamellar trama bilateral; subhymenium inflated-ramose. Veil sphaerocysts 10-20 m; subglobose; smooth; hyaline in KOH.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Every hashtag I learn for #mushrooms and #fungi is better than the last 💚 🍄

#mushtodon #sporespondence #FungiFriday #NaturePhotography

Stereum hirsutum

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Stereum_hirsutum.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the dead wood of hardwoods, especially oaks; growing densely gregariously, often from gaps in the bark, fusing together laterally; causing a white rot of the heartwood; often serving as a host to algae; sometimes parasitized by jelly fungi; spring, summer, fall, and winter; widely distributed in North America.

Fruiting Body: Individually .5-3 cm across, but often fused together; fan-shaped, semicircular, or irregular; densely velvety, hairy, or with appressed hairs; with concentric zones of texture and color; colors variable, but generally ranging from yellow to tan, brown, reddish brown, or buff (sometimes developing greenish shades in old age as a result of algae); laterally attached, without a stem.

Undersurface: Smooth; yellowish to yellow-brown or grayish brown; sometimes bruising darker yellow.

Flesh: Insubstantial; tough.

Chemical Reactions: KOH red (or at first red, then black) on all surfaces.

Spore Print: White; difficult to obtain.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-8 x 2-3.5 ; smooth; cylindric or narrowly elliptical; amyloid. Hyphidia with rounded to subacute apices; without projections (pseudoacanthohyphidia and acanthohyphidia absent).

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

jelly fungus for #FungiFriday :3

#mushtodon #sporespondence #mushrooms #fungi #NaturePhotography

Suillus spectabilis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Suillus_spectabilis.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with tamarack; growing gregariously in low-lying, swampy areas; usually terrestrial, but sometimes growing from well-rotted stumps and logs; late summer and fall; originally described from upstate New York; widespread in North America throughout the natural range of tamarack; also reported in Finland. The illustrated and described collection is from Wisconsin.

Note: The illustrated and described collection is apparently a bit small in comparison to "typical" collections.

Cap: 4-5 cm across; convex becoming broadly convex; sticky when fresh; with grayish to brownish appressed, fibrillose patches and scales over a pinkish red to red ground; the margin sometimes hung with grayish partial veil remnants.

Pore Surface: Yellow; not bruising, or bruising slightly pinkish; 1-2 angular pores per mm; tubes to about 5 mm deep.

Stem: 4-6 cm long; 1-1.5 cm thick; more or less equal; bald and yellow above the ring; red and fibrillose below.

Partial Veil: Glutinous and red when fresh, covering the pore surface and cap; after breaking, disposed as grayish to reddish, sub-fibrillose patches on the cap and, on the stem, as a red, gelatinous ring.

Flesh: Pale yellow in cap and upper stem; darker yellow in stem base; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Not tested on the described and illustrated specimens; KOH reported by Smith & Thiers (1971) as dark green on the flesh.

Spore Print: Dark purplish brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-13 x 3.5-5 m; subfusiform; smooth; yellowish to dull golden in KOH. Basidia 30-35 x 4-6 m; subclavate; 4-sterigmate. Cystidia in bundles; 25-60 x 4-6 m; sometimes poorly defined; subcylindric to subfusiform; thin-walled; reddish brown-encrusted in KOH. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements 5-10 m wide, smooth or slightly encrusted, yellow to hyaline in KOH. Clamp connections not found.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Volvopluteus gloiocephalus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Volvopluteus_gloiocephalus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing terrestrially, alone or gregariously in urban settings and disturbed ground (landscaping, ditches, beaches, lawns, gardens, and so on)—and, east of the Rocky Mountains, sometimes in forests; found year-round, depending on the climate; widely distributed in North America, though some records of it from east of the Rocky Mountains may represent other similar species, including the smaller-spored Volvopluteus michiganensis. The illustrated and described collections are from California and Illinois.

Cap: 5-10 cm across; convex becoming broadly convex, broadly bell-shaped, or nearly flat; sticky when fresh and young but often soon dry; bald; color variable (see discussion above), white to grayish or gray, discoloring brownish to yellowish with age; when gray, with a radially streaked, appressed-fibrillose appearance; the margin sometimes finely lined.

Gills: Free from the stem; close or nearly crowded; short-gills frequent; white at first, becoming brownish pink with maturity.

Stem: 6-13 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; tapered to apex; base slightly swollen; dry; bald or finely silky; white, discoloring brownish; without a ring; the base encased in a white, cup-like volva; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive, or a little foul.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: Brownish pink.

Microscopic Features: Spores 13-19 x 7-10 m; ellipsoid; thick-walled; smooth; hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia 50-80 x 20-40 m; widely lageniform, widely cylindric with a rounded apex, subsaccate, or sphaeropedunculate; sometimes mucronate or rostrate (see discussion above); smooth; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis of elements 5-12.5 m wide, smooth, hyaline in KOH, under a very thin gelatinous matrix. Clamp connections not found.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Lactarius aspideus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lactarius_aspideus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with willows, often in wet, grassy areas; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in Europe, but not common. The illustrated and described collection is from Italy.

Cap: 2.5-5 cm; convex at first, becoming more or less flat, or shallowly depressed; sticky when fresh but soon dry; bald; whitish to pale yellowish; not zoned; the margin not lined.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close; short-gills frequent; whitish to yellowish; stained lilac purple by the milk.

Stem: 2-3 cm long; 0.5-1 cm thick; equal, or slightly tapered to the base; without potholes; bald; whitish to yellowish; staining lilac purple; fragile; hollowing.

Flesh: Whitish; staining lilac when sliced.

Milk: White; fairly copious; unchanging when exposed to air; staining tissues lilac purple.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Undocumented by me; reported as "pale cream" by Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2000).

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-8 x 6-7 m; broadly ellipsoid or subglobose; ornamented with amyloid warts and ridges extending 0.5-1 m high; connectors fairly frequent, forming partial reticula. Macrocystidia narrowly fusiform; to about 65 x 10 m. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements 2.5-5 m wide.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Pluteus cervinus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Pluteus_cervinus.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods and, less often, conifers; occasionally appearing terrestrial but actually arising from buried deadwood; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; spring through fall; common in eastern North America from about the 45th parallel southwards; also recorded from the San Francisco Bay area. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 4.5-10 cm; convex at first, becoming broadly convex to nearly flat, with or without a broad central bump; tacky when fresh, but soon dry, or slightly sticky when wet; shiny; bald, or finely scaly/fibrillose over the center; often radially streaked; dark to pale brown, often with a hint of olive or gray--or occasionally nearly whitish, with a brown to brownish center; the margin usually not lined, but sometimes faintly lined in older, diminutive specimens.

Gills: Free from the stem; close or crowded; short-gills frequent; white at first, becoming pink and eventually becoming deep flesh color.

Stem: 5-13 cm long; 5-15 mm thick; more or less equal, or with an enlarged base; dry; bald or, more often, finely fibrillose with brownish fibrils; whitish, discoloring brownish near the base; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Soft; white; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive, or somewhat radishlike; taste usually at least slightly radishlike.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to very pale orange on cap surface.

Spore Print: Brownish pink.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-8 x 4.5-6 ; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline to faintly ochraceous in KOH; uni- to multiguttulate; inamyloid. Cheilocystidia abundant (though often collapsing); forming a more or less continuous strip; to 50 x 15 ; clavate to sphaeropedunculate; hyaline; thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 50-90 x 10-25 ; fusiform to widely fusiform or narrowly utriform; thick-walled; hyaline; with 2-5 apical prongs or hooks; prongs usually entire rather than bifurcated, rarely branched. Intermediate cystidia variously shaped. Pileipellis a cutis or ixocutis; elements 3-11 wide, hyaline to brown in KOH, smooth; terminal cells clavate to subclavate or cylindric; clamp connections absent.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence

Cortinarius violaceus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Cortinarius_violaceus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods or conifers; in western North America often reported as appearing in old-growth conifer forests near rotting logs; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; fall; apparently widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Michigan and Oregon.

Cap: 4-12 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex, nearly flat, or slightly bell-shaped; dry; densely hairy, becoming fuzzy or scaly; deep purple, becoming brownish purple and eventually dark brown overall.

Gills: Attached to the stem; nearly distant; dark purple at first, becoming grayish to blackish, and eventually rusty brown; covered by a purple cortina when young.

Stem: 6-16 cm long; up to 2 cm thick; equal above a swollen or club-shaped base; dry; purple and finely hairy when young, becoming purplish gray to nearly black or brown, with a sheen; dry; becoming hollow.

Flesh: Purple to lilac or purplish gray.

Odor: Sweet and slightly fragrant, or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH red on cap surface and on flesh.

Spore Print: Rusty brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 11.5-14.5 (-18) x 7-9 m; ellipsoid to amygdaliform; moderately verrucose. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia fusoid-ventricose with a long neck, or sometimes irregularly cylindric; with purple to reddish contents in a KOH mount when fresh, but with brown contents after drying; up to about 80 x 25 m. Pileipellis a cutis with fascicles of upright elements.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence