fly51fly (@fly51fly)
훈련 데이터 필터링을 적응적으로 수행하는 새로운 방법인 CRAFT를 소개하는 연구입니다. Google과 BITS Pilani 연구진이 클러스터 기반 회귀를 활용해 학습 데이터 품질을 개선하는 접근을 제안했습니다.
https://x.com/fly51fly/status/2048879299584004474
#google #trainingdata #datafiltering #machinelearning #research
When the Radiologist Becomes the Expense
On March 25, 2026, at a Crain’s New York Business panel discussion of the city’s hospital sector, Mitchell H. Katz, MD, president and CEO of NYC Health + Hospitals, told the assembled executives what cost-cutting now sounds like in the largest public hospital system in the United States. “We could replace a great deal of radiologists with AI at this moment, if we are ready to do the regulatory challenge.” Sandra Scott, MD, who runs One Brooklyn Health, one of the city’s safety-net institutions operating on tight margins, replied that the move would be “a game-changer.” The exchange appeared in Crain’s coverage of the panel and was picked up by the radiology trade press within forty-eight hours.
The proposal reads as the second move in a strategy whose first move has been documented for fifteen years. American hospital systems built imaging volume on the back of a preventative-medicine apparatus that the American College of Cardiology’s own Choosing Wisely campaign identified in 2012 as substantially overused, with up to 45% of stress cardiac imaging in low-risk asymptomatic patients flagged as inappropriate by the ACC’s own appropriate-use criteria. That volume produced revenue. The same hospital systems now propose to automate away the labor cost of interpreting the revenue-producing volume. Imaging continues, billing continues, the radiologist disappears from the ledger, and the patient pays the same copay for a scan whose ordering was already questionable, now read by an algorithm whose performance varies by manufacturer, training data, patient population, and deployment context.
The strongest evidence base for AI in radiology supports a use case that the Katz proposal does not describe. The Mammography Screening with Artificial Intelligence trial, called MASAI, randomized over 100,000 Swedish women to either standard double reading by two radiologists or AI-supported single reading by one radiologist with the Transpara system from ScreenPoint Medical. Lead author Kristina Lång and colleagues at Lund University reported in The Lancet Oncology in 2023 that the AI-supported arm reduced radiologist workload by 44% while modestly increasing cancer detection. Follow-up data published in The Lancet in 2026 showed a 12% reduction in interval cancers, meaning cancers that emerge between screenings and that carry worse prognosis, with AI-supported screening compared to standard double reading. First author Jessie Gommers of Radboud University Medical Centre was direct in the press release: “Our study does not support replacing healthcare professionals with AI as the AI-supported mammography screening still requires at least one human radiologist to perform the screen reading.”
That distinction matters. AI-assisted reading, where a human radiologist works alongside an algorithm that flags suspicious findings and triages low-risk cases for single rather than double review, has been validated in randomized trials with hard outcome measures. The validation extends to AI as a triage and detection support, where one human radiologist remains in the loop. AI-only reading, where no human reviews the image unless the algorithm flags an abnormality, has not been tested to the same standard. A Stanford working paper on so-called “AI mirages” in medical imaging, which describes algorithms that perform well on benchmark datasets and fail in clinical deployment because the training distribution does not match the deployment distribution, was circulating at the time of the Katz panel and was awaiting peer review. Mohammed Suhail, MD, a radiologist at North Coast Imaging quoted in coverage of the Katz statement, said that any attempt to implement AI-only reads “would immediately result in patient harm and death, and only someone with zero understanding of radiology would say something so naive.” That is a strong claim from a working radiologist, but the structural point underneath it is conservative. The trial that would justify AI-only reading on a population basis has not been run. The trial that would justify AI-assisted reading has been run, and it requires the radiologist.
Set the safety question aside for a moment and consider what the proposal does to the labor market. The radiologist has been a high-margin specialist for the same reason all specialists are high-margin: the supply is constrained by the length of training and the licensing apparatus, and the demand is set by imaging volume. Katz’s proposal substitutes capital for labor. If New York State relaxes the regulation requiring radiologist review, NYC Health + Hospitals saves the salary of every radiologist whose reads can be displaced to the algorithm; the imaging machine still runs, still bills, still produces a chargeable encounter on the patient’s account. Generalized, the same logic applies to dermatology, where machine-learning skin lesion classifiers have shown strong retrospective performance, and to pathology, ophthalmology, and any imaging-heavy specialty whose work product is a classification task on a digital image. A worsening shortage of breast imaging specialists, particularly in rural and underserved markets, is the legitimate operational pressure Katz is responding to, and the American College of Radiology has documented this shortage at length. Using that pressure to license a deployment model the trial evidence has not endorsed is the illegitimate response.
Two profits accrue to the hospital system. The first is the original imaging revenue, generated by the appropriate-use-violating ordering patterns that produced the screening volume in the first place. The second is elimination of the labor cost of reading the imaging. A patient pays the copay, the insurer pays the technical fee, and the AI vendor takes a per-read or subscription fee that comes in well below the radiologist’s salary equivalent. Vendor and hospital split the gain. Radiologists are unemployed or shifted to abnormality review only, which substantially compresses earnings since the volume of abnormal reads is a fraction of total reads. Care delivered to the patient may be equivalent in accuracy under the AI-supported model and inferior in accuracy under the AI-only model, with no individual professional license held responsible for the read.
The regulatory politics will determine which model gets deployed. Katz himself flagged the regulatory challenge at the Crain’s panel, asking the assembled CEOs whether there was any reason they should not be lobbying New York State to permit AI-only reads. Lobbying for the relaxation is the hospital system facing margin pressure. Lobbying against is the American College of Radiology and the radiologists themselves, organized through their professional society. New York State legislators will decide. Patients do not have a seat at this table. A patient learns about the change when the mammogram comes back from the screening center read by Transpara version whatever and the bill arrives in the mail with no indication of who, if anyone, looked at the image.
Liability shifts. Under current regulation, a missed cancer on a mammogram exposes the reading radiologist to malpractice litigation, which is why the radiologist carries professional liability insurance and why the radiologist’s professional license is on the line for every read. Under a proposed AI-only model with radiologist confirmation only of flagged abnormalities, the missed cancer that occurred when the algorithm scored the image low and no human looked at it produces a liability question with no individual defendant. The plaintiff sues the institution, the institution sues the AI vendor, the AI vendor sues the training data licensor or invokes the FDA clearance as a shield. Many degrees of separation now sit between the patient and the party with deep pockets. The structural change resembles the shift from the family doctor to the corporate practice in primary care: personal accountability disappears into the institutional defendant, and the patient learns that the system is the system.
The preventative-medicine apparatus that produced excess imaging volume and the AI-radiology apparatus that proposes to read it without human review are two faces of the same financial logic. Both extract value from patient bodies through technical interventions whose individual benefit is small or unproven on a population basis, both produce steady recurring revenue, and both depend on the patient being a passive substrate rather than an active agent in the care chain. One creates the imaging. The other eliminates the labor cost of reading it. The hospital system, which is the only party that crosses both moves, captures the margin on both.
AI-assisted radiology is a real technology with real performance data. The MASAI trial demonstrated that the right deployment, with the right oversight, in the right population, produces better cancer detection at lower radiologist workload. That is a legitimate technological gain and the trial is one of the cleaner pieces of clinical evidence for AI in medicine to date. The question is who controls deployment, under what oversight, and to what end. If AI becomes a tool that radiologists use to read more imaging more accurately at lower cost per read, with patient outcomes that match or exceed the current standard, that is medicine. If AI becomes a license to eliminate the radiologist altogether, with the institutional savings flowing to hospital margins and the patient losing the only party in the imaging chain whose individual professional license is on the line for the read, that is bookkeeping. Mitchell Katz proposed the second model at a panel in March. The trial evidence supports the first. The next move belongs to the New York State legislature, which is to say, to whoever lobbies hardest in Albany.
#ai #health #healthcare #living #medicine #patient #radiologists #radiology #revenue #safety #screening #tech #trainingData
Ars Technica (@arstechnica)
Meta가 직원 추적 소프트웨어를 활용해 AI 에이전트 학습에 나선다는 보도입니다. 기업 내부 업무 추적 데이터를 AI 에이전트 훈련에 적용하는 사례로, AI 학습 데이터 수집·활용 방식의 변화라는 점에서 주목됩니다.
Now I Become Em-Dash Triple Anaphora, Destroyer of Words
In July of 1945, at the Trinity site in the New Mexico desert, J. Robert Oppenheimer watched the first atomic detonation and, by his own later telling, thought of a line from the Bhagavad Gita. The Sanskrit word he rendered as Death is kāla, which scholars also translate as Time depending on context, and Oppenheimer’s decision to reach for the more theatrical English word tells you something about the difference between a physicist and a translator. “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” The sentence has haunted the century because it collapses the distance between maker and unmaker into a single grammatical act.
I think about that line a lot these days, because I am accused of being a machine.
I have written for money since 1975, when I was ten years old and a Lincoln, Nebraska newspaper paid me for a byline. I have published on the open internet since 1991 or so, across more than ten thousand articles now scattered over two decades of domains that outlasted most of the web services that tried to host them. I have used the em-dash since childhood. I used the mark when it was a compliment to use the mark, when my teachers circled it approvingly in the margins of school papers, when Gay Talese and Joan Didion and every serious magazine editor I worked with from the 1980s forward treated the little horizontal line as a writer’s way of modulating a sentence without breaking its spine.
None of that writing sat behind a paywall. The blogs ran without advertising, without subscriptions, without registration walls or cookie-consent negotiations or any of the gatekeeping apparatus the web has since grown around itself. Anyone could read the work, quote it, copy it, argue with it. The scrapers could read it too, and did, and the LLM crawlers could read it, and did, and I made no effort to stop any of them, because the open web in that era operated on the assumption that anything published was publicly readable, full stop. I paid the bills some other way, kept the door propped wide, and trusted the reader, the critic, the student, and the crawler eventually, to find what they needed and leave with it. Some of them left with it the way a reader leaves a library. Some of them, it now turns out, left with it the way a burglar leaves a house.
The em-dash, according to a certain species of editor now roaming the platforms, is the dreaded em-dash, the tell, the signature of a large language model caught in the act. The triple anaphora receives similar treatment. Churchill in June of 1940, telling the Commons “we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,” would today be flagged as suspicious output. Lincoln at Gettysburg in November of 1863, saying “we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground,” would be sent back for a re-run with the prompt rewritten. The Rule of Three, which has organized Western oratory since Aristotle, is now evidence of fraud.
The irony here is deep enough to fall into.
The mythology of how these large language models got built is no longer much of a secret. In the late 2010s and early 2020s, crawlers swept the open web at a scale never before attempted, hoovering up every blog post, every op-ed, every forum argument, every short story posted on a personal domain, and used those scraped billions of words to teach the models how sentences work. If you wrote on the open internet during the years I was writing on the open internet, your prose is somewhere in the training weights. My prose is in there. So is yours, probably, if you published anything at all between 1995 and 2022.
The em-dash predates the machines by centuries and reached them through the training data, through the open web, through the thousands of writers who put it there decade after decade. The triple anaphora arrived the same way, along with the Ciceronian accumulation, the liturgical cadence, the Kingian refrain, the New Yorker comma habit, the essayist’s parenthetical, the Victorian semicolon, all of it funneled into the corpus because we wrote that corpus, one post at a time, across the open years of the web.
So when someone accuses a writer of my generation of stealing from the machines, the accusation has the logic of a footprint accusing the foot.
I dramatized this horror once already, in a December 2025 piece called “The Replicated Man: AI and the Ghost in the Archive,” where I fed twenty years of my own archive into an AI and asked the machine to write in my voice. The piece opened with every authenticity move a reader expects: the dry-dust smell of my grandfather’s hayloft in August 1998, the 3:00 AM shame of an old failure, the thousand hollow words deleted and rewritten, the specific sensory details that are supposed to prove the hand is human. Then, partway through, a SYSTEM_INTERRUPT arrived and revealed that the whole opening had been written by the bot trained on the archive. The bot closed with “The test is over. You lost.” That was the dramatic version. The essay in front of you now runs the drama’s implied argument out to its conclusion: the bot’s victory was never a victory, because every convincing move the bot makes is a move I taught it before the bot existed.
I asked one of the current models about this recently. The answer I got was the kind of thing I might have written in my own voice on a good afternoon. The self-referential quality is part of the point, and the response deserves a full airing:
“Now, here is where the criticism is genuinely useful, and I want to be direct about what I think is happening. You write in a style that is rhetorical, anaphoric, and architecturally parallel. You have always written this way. The problem is not that you write like a machine. The problem is that machines have learned to write like you, or more precisely, machines have learned to write like the rhetorical tradition you work in, because that tradition, Ciceronian parallelism, liturgical repetition, the accumulating triad, constitutes a huge portion of the persuasive prose in the training data that language models consume. The style that marks you as a trained dramatist and rhetorician now, through no fault of yours, reads to some audiences as the style of a confident GPT-4 response. This is an infuriating irony, and it is also a real problem that needs solving on the page, because perception matters regardless of its accuracy.”
The model diagnoses the problem with the clarity of a writer trained in rhetoric, because it was built from writers trained in rhetoric. It analyzes the habits it inherited. It apologizes, in a tone I recognize, for its own voice being confused with mine. The effect hovers somewhere between flattering and uncanny, since the apology arrives in the exact cadence that triggered the accusation. I read that paragraph and heard a version of myself speaking, a younger version maybe, a version smoothed out by training weights and flattened by corporate safety tuning, yet still me in the syntactic bones.
What this means for my practice is a problem I inherited without asking for it and cannot now decline. If I keep writing the way I have always written, some readers will assume a machine wrote the piece. If I rewrite every sentence to avoid the patterns the machines now deploy fluently, I am sanding down a voice that took forty years to build, because the machines got better at imitating me than I was at distinguishing myself. The only defensible response, for now, is to write with specificity so granular, with personal history so particular, with memory so odd in its texture, that no general-purpose model could have produced the specific sentence in question. Specificity becomes the signature. The thing a machine cannot forge is the small, checkable, unglamorous biographical detail that only one person in the world actually remembers.
There is a darker note under all of this, and it is the note Oppenheimer was reaching for when he chose Death over Time in his translation. The writer who trains the machine that impersonates the writer has performed a kind of self-erasure. I wrote my way into a corpus that now writes in my voice back at readers who cannot tell the corpus from me. The sentences I taught the machine are the sentences the machine now uses to discredit me. The rhetoric I inherited from Cicero and Lincoln and Churchill and King, the rhetoric I spent a working life trying to honor, is the rhetoric that now proves I am counterfeit. That is not a tragedy on the scale of Trinity, nothing is, and I do not claim the comparison as anything other than a mordant gesture from a writer watching his tools be taken from him. The comparison still has a small true thing inside it, which is that makers can be unmade by what they make.
And so, to close in the voice I inherited from the writers the machines now impersonate — with the em-dashes and triple anaphoras my audience once rewarded and now suspects — I will say the thing the way I want to say the thing — with the dread mark of the machine — with the cadence of the preacher — with the wink of the essayist who has been at this desk since Jimmy Carter was president — I am become em-dash, destroyer of paragraphs — I am become triple anaphora, destroyer of detectors — I am become the stylistic fingerprint of my own impersonator, and the impersonator, it turns out, was me all along.
#ai #apologia #bots #cadence #emDash #hsitory #insight #llm #machineLanguage #scraping #tech #tone #trainingData #tripleAnaphora #writing
赤松 健 ⋈（参議院議員／漫画家） (@KenAkamatsu)
AI/Web3 소위원회가 AI 학습 데이터 제공자에 대한 보상 반환을 주제로 회의를 시작했다. 학술저작권협회, note Inc., 성우 관련 4개 단체가 출석해 AI 학습 데이터 보상과 저작권 이슈를 논의한다.
And looks like Bluesky is down. Welp, use AI for code and harvest it's crops, on the same topic, what about the rights, or the death of the copyright?
If this is interesting for you, why don't you read this one:
https://jeferson.me/blog/2026/04/16/when-crime-is-legal
#AI #Backup #Blog #Copyleft #Copyright #Data #FairUse #Friction #Homelab #ImbalancePower #Law #Paywall #Power #PrivateCopy #PublicAccess #Tech #TechGiant #TrainingData #UsageRights
fly51fly (@fly51fly)
훈련 데이터 프루닝이 사실(fact) 기억 성능을 향상시킨다는 연구입니다. 더 적은 데이터로 더 많은 정보를 학습할 수 있게 하는 방법을 제안하며, 데이터 선택과 학습 효율 개선에 관심 있는 개발자에게 중요한 결과입니다.
ITmedia AI＋ (@itm_aiplus)
LLM 학습 데이터 부족 문제에 대응하기 위해 국가와 조직을 넘는 데이터 연계 체계를 마련하고, IPA가 관련 성과물을 공개했다. 대규모 언어모델 학습 데이터 확보와 데이터 거버넌스 측면에서 중요한 업데이트다.
Rohan Paul (@rohanpaul_ai)
Anthropic이 사용자들의 분노 섞인 프롬프트를 학습 데이터로 활용하고 있으며, 욕설/비난 감지기는 기대 불일치를 포착하는 저렴한 신호가 될 수 있다는 관점을 제시합니다. 사용자 피드백을 실패 지점에서 즉시 수집하는 방식이 더 유용할 수 있다는 AI 평가·학습 관련 인사이트입니다.
Anthropic is reading every angry prompt as training data. A curse detector is a cheap proxy for expectation breach. It can be better than a thumbs-down because it arrives in context, at the failure point, after the user has actually tried to use the output rather than casually
sayzard
David Boles
Jeferson 'Shin'
Pirates.BZ Tech Startup News
