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Jason (& the Argonauts)

Jason was an ancient Greek mythological hero & leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece is in Greek literature.He’s the son of Aeson, who was the rightful King of Iolcos (modern-day Vollos). He was married to the “sorceress” Medea, the granddaughter of Helios, the sun god.

Jason appears in various literary works in the classical world of Greece & Rome, including the epic poem Argonautica & the tragedy Medea.

Pelias (Jason’s half-uncle & his dad’s half-brother) was power hungry & sought to gain authority over all of Thessaly. Pelias was the offspring of a union between their shared mom, Tyro (the daughter of Salmoneus), & the sea god, Poseidon.

In a bitter feud, Jason overthrew Aeson (again, who was the rightful King), killing all the descendants of Aeson that he could. He spared his half-brother for unknown reasons.

Aeson’s wife, Alcimede I, had a newborn son named Jason. She saved from Pelias by having female attendants cluster around the infant & cry as if he were stillborn. Being scared that Pelias would eventually notice & unalive her son, Alcimede sent him away to be raised by the centaur, Chiron. Chiron also tutored Achilles & Asclepius.

She claimed that she had been having an affair with him all along. Pelias, fearing that his ill-gotten kingship might be challenged, consulted an Oracle who warned him to beware of a man wearing only 1 sandal.

Many years later, Pelias was holding games in honor of Poseidon when the grown Jason arrived in Iolcus, having lost 1 of his sandals. He lost this sandal in the river Anauros/Anaurus while helping an old woman across the water.

The old woman was actually Hera, the goddess, in disguise. She (Hera) blessed him because she knew what Pelias had planned. When Jason entered Iolcus, Pelias recalled what the Oracle had warned him about. Jason aware that he was the rightful King, informed Pelias.

Pelias agreed to step down from the throne, on the condition that Jason brings back the Golden Fleece. Jason agrees to these terms.

Jason then assembles the group that becomes known as the Argonauts. They were named after their ship, the Argo. Jason commissions the shipbuilder Argus to build the Argo. (We feel like Argus named the ship after himself.)

The Argo was a vessel that was outfitted with a piece of talking oak from the sacred grove of Dodona. Argus becomes an Argonaut. Jason then recruits the rest of the Argonauts.

The Argonauts list:

Acastus

Admetus

Atalanta, the formidable huntress

Augeas

The winged Boreads, Zetes & Calais (sons of the North Wind)

The Dioscuri, Castor & Pollux/Polydeuces

Euphemus

Heracles/Hercules (Yes, THAT one. He eventually left the quest.)

Idas

Idmon, the seer

Lynceus

Meleager

Orpheus

Peleus (Achilles’ dad)

Philoctetes

Telamon

Tiphys, the helmsman

After a few detours, Jason & his comrades came to Colchis (modern-day Black Sea coast of Georgia, the country) to get that sweet, sweet Golden Fleece. Colchis had a king (King Aeetes). The Fleece was given to him by Phrixus. The king promised to give Jason the Fleece, for a price: 3 tasks.

When presented with these tasks, Jason got discouraged & depressed. The goddess Hera was on Jason’s side. Hera convinced Aphrodite to convince her son, Eros, to make King Aeetus’ daughter, Medea, fall in love with Jason. As a result of this love-god meddling, Medea ended up being the key to Jason’s success.

First, Jason had to plow a field with a fire-breathing oxen (the Khalkotauroi) that he had to yoke himself, Medea gave Jason an ointment that made his skin fireproof from the oxen’s flames. Then Jason planted the teeth of a dragon into a field. The teeth sprouted into an army of warriors called spartoi. Medea told Jason how to defeat the spartoi.

Before the spartoi attacked Jason, he threw a rock into the crowd. The spartoi weren’t able to figure out where the rock came from. So the spartoi turned on each other & defeated one another. Jason’s last task was to overcome the sleepless dragon that guarded the Golden Fleece. Medea to the rescue, again.

She gave Jason a potion that he sprayed the dragon with. The dragon fell asleep. Jason was able to get the Golden Fleece. Then he sails away with Medea. Medea distracted her dad (who chased the pair as they fled) by unaliving her brother, Apsyrtus, & throwing pieces of his body into the sea.

King Aeetus stopped to gather each piece of Apsyrtus’ body. This gave Jason, & Medea, time to escape. On the way back to Iolcus, Medea prophesied to Euphemus (the Argo’s helmsman) that he would one day rule Cyrene. This prophecy came true through Euphemus’ descendant, Battus.

Zeus, as punishment for the slaughter of Medea’s brother, sent a series of storms at the Argo & blew it off course. The Argo then actually spoke & said that they should seek purification with Circe, a nymph living on the island of Aeaea. After being cleansed, they continued their journey home.

Chiron had told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass by the Sirens. The same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer’s The Odyssey. The Sirens lived on 3 small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli & sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which result in the wrecking of their ships on the islands.

When Orpheus heard their voices, he said, “Here, hold my drink a sec!” He pulls out his lyre & played music that was more beautiful & louder, drowning out the Sirens’ songs so the sailors couldn’t hear them!

The Argo then came to the island of Crete, guarded by Talos, who was a man made of bronze. As the ship came close, Talos hurled huge stones at the ship, keeping it at bay. Talos had 1 ichor vessel (like a blood vessel) that went from his neck to his ankle, bound shut by 1 bronze nail. (Ichor is pretty much the blood of the gods.)

Medea, helping Jason, cast a spell on Talos to calm him. She then removes the bronze nail. Talos ends up bleeding to death. The Argo was able to sail on.

Jason, celebrating his return with the Golden Fleece, saw his dad was too sick & old to participate in the celebrations. Jason asks Medea to take some years from his own life & add the years to his dad’s life. (This is actually sweet.)

Medea complied. There was no cost to Jason’s life. Medea withdrew the blood from Aeson’s body & infused it with certain herbs. She put it back into his veins. This invigorated him. Pelias’ daughters took notice of this, & wanted a piece of that action from their own dad.

Using her sorcery, Medea told Pelias’ daughters that she could make their dad smooth & vigorous as a kid by chopping him up into pieces & boiling the pieces in a cauldron of water & magical herbs. Medea shows that she can do this with the oldest ram in a flock, which leapt out of the cauldron as a lamb. The girls naively sliced up their dad & put in the cauldron.

Medea just didn’t put in the magical herbs to revive Pelias. So Pelias was dead. Pelias’s son, Acastus, drove Jason, & Medea, into exile for the unaliving. The couple settles in Corinth.

In Corinth, Jason gets engaged to marry Creusa/Glauce, a daughter of the king of Corinth. He did this for political advancement. Medea confronts Jason about this engagement. Because SHE’S already his wife. She reminds Jason of all the help she’s given him & the vow he made, to Hera, to love Medea & only Medea forever.

Jason tells Medea that it’s not her that he should thank but it’s Aphrodite who should get the kudos. Because Aphrodite made Medea fall in love with Jason. (Ok, Jason’s kinda right. It was Aphrodite via Eros.) Medea was incensed! (Rightfully so.)

Jason had vowed to be only Medea’s forever so Medea took her revenge by giving Creusa/Glauce a cursed dress, as a wedding gift. This dress stuck to her body & burned her to death as soon as she put it on. Cerusa/Glauce’s dad, Creon, burned to death with his daughter as he tried to save her.

Then Medea killed her sons that she had with Jason to ensure he had no legacy. When Jason learned of this, Medea was already gone. She fled to Athens in a chariot pulled by dragons that was sent by her grandpa, Helios (the sun-god).

As a result of breaking his vow to love Medea only forever, Jason lost his favor with Hera & died lonely & unhappy. He spent his final years as a broken man, wandering the docks where the rotting hull of the Argo sat. One day, while he was resting under the ship’s prow, a piece of the decaying wood broke off & fell onto Jason’s head, unaliving him instantly.

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Medea

Her name literally means ‘planner, schemer.’ (This becomes relevant later, trust us!)

In Greek mythology, Medea is the daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis (modern-day Georgia, the country). She was also the granddaughter of the sun god, Helios. She was a niece of Circe, an enchantress goddess. Her mom may have been Idyia. This divine lineage gave her “golden eyes” & a terrifying intellectual capacity. She was wicked smart.

In most stories, Medea is known as a sorceress, an accomplished pharmakis, a worker in pharmakeia (medicinal magic), & is often depicted as a high-priestess of the goddess Hecate.

To the Athenians, Colchis was the edge of the known world. Medea represented the “Eastern” woman: dangerous, knowledgeable in “pharmaka” (drugs/magic), & unbound by Greek social norms. Medea was a priestess of Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft, crossroads, & the underworld.

She first appears in Hesiod’s Theogony around 700 BC. But is best known from Euripides’ 431 BCE Medea & Apollonius of Rhodes’ 3rd century BC epic Argonautica.

In the myth of the Argonauts, she helps Jason in his search for the Golden Fleece. She was struck by Eros (often pictured as the interference of Hera & Aphrodite), Medea betrays her dad, & kills her brother, to help Jason. To ensure Jason’s (& the Argonauts) escape, she unalives her own brother, Apsyrtus, scattering his remains in the sea so her dad would have to slow down to collect the remains for burial.

This act marked her transition from a domestic princess to a woman who’s “burned her bridges” to the world of men. ONce Jason finishes his quest, she abandons her homeland of Colchis & flees westward with Jason. Medea then marries Jason. She & Jason have at least 2 sons together.

They live in Corinth. Jason abandons Medea to marry the daughter of King Creon of Corinth, named Creusa/Glauce. He did this for political gain, after 10 years of marriage to Medea. Medea is then exiled from Corinth by King Creon.

She was offered asylum in Athens by King Aegeus. This asylum is given after Medea offers the king to give him an heir by using her magic. In some stories, it’s Medea who’s King Aegeus’ baby mama. But Medea wasn’t happy at being rejected by Jason after he made a vow to Hera to love Medea, & be only hers, forever.

This is where Medea’s divine lineage comes into play. Her “Sophia” (wisdom/cleverness) turns deadly. Medea decides the only way to truly destroy/hurt Jason is to unalive their 2 sons & his new bride (who is unalived by a poisoned crown/robes/dress).

Medea weighs her “thymos” (passion/rage) against her “bouleumata” (plans), & the rage wins. She did this so Jason would be without heirs or a legacy for the rest of his life. She didn’t even let Jason hold the bodies of their 2 dead sons, so that he could properly grieve.

Medea wasn’t punished for her actions. Her grandpa, the sun god Helios, sent a chariot pulled by dragons to rescue her. She escaped Athens, carrying the bodies of her children, leaving Jason a broken man.

Or according to Herodotus (in his Histories) mentions that she ended up leaving Athens & settling among the Aryans, who ended up changing their name to the Medes.

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#datocurioso

¿Sabían que la figura de Jasón ofrece uno de los ejemplos más antiguos de ambigüedad moral en la épica, donde la categoría de "héroe" depende exclusivamente de la perspectiva geográfica y cultural?

Para los griegos, la sustracción del Vellocino de Oro fue una gesta de restauración del honor; sin embargo, desde la perspectiva del Reino de la Cólquida (en la actual Georgia), el acto fue un robo violento de un tesoro nacional y una traición política. El rey Eetes, poseedor legítimo del objeto, no solo sufrió el saqueo de su templo, sino la pérdida de su hija, Medea, quien bajo el influjo de la manipulación de Jasón y las deidades olímpicas, asesinó a su propio hermano para facilitar la huida de los Argonautas.

Este conflicto de perspectivas revela que el heroísmo en la Antigüedad y aún actualmente no siempre esta ligado a la ética universal, sino al éxito en la obtención de un objetivo para el grupo propio. Mientras en Yolco se celebraba el regreso de Jasón como un salvador, en la Cólquida fue visto como un invasor extranjero que utilizó la seducción y el perjurio para desestabilizar un reino. Esta dualidad es fundamental para entender que los mitos no son solo historias de aventuras, sino registros de cómo las civilizaciones justifican, incluso en nuestros días, sus acciones de conquista a través de la narrativa.

#Mitología #Historia #Grecia #Ética #Filosofía #Jasón #heroe #villano