Fomitopsis spraguei

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Fomitopsis_spraguei.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the dead and living wood of oaks and other hardwoods; also possibly parasitic on living trees; causing a brown cubical rot; growing alone or gregariously; annual; spring through fall; widely distributed in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Ohio.

Cap: 2-10 cm across; up to 6 cm deep; semicircular to nearly circular or irregular in outline; planoconvex to flat or shallowly depressed; rugged and pocked; very finely fuzzy toward the margin when young, becoming finely fuzzy overall; dry, or, when very fresh, sometimes exuding clear droplets of liquid; grayish overall, becoming whitish; fresh margin brownish orange; when young and fresh bruising grayish green, especially near the margin.

Pore Surface: Grayish white; bruising grayish green when fresh, but bruising brownish at maturity; 1-3 angular pores per mm; tubes 2-4 mm deep.

Stem: Usually absent, but occasionally present as a stubby, lateral extension; 1-2 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; whitish to brownish; fuzzy.

Flesh: Whitish to watery gray or slightly bluish; when fresh and young clearly divided into zones of whitish and grayish; unchanging when sliced; soft-leathery, becoming tougher with age.

Odor and Taste: Odor fragrant; taste not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on flesh; yellowish on cap surface and pore surface.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-8 x 4-5 m; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Hyphal system trimitic: generative hyphae 2-4 m wide, thin-walled, clamped, smooth; skeletal hyphae 4-6 m wide, thick-walled, smooth; binding hyphae 2-4 m wide, thick-walled, non-septate.

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Psathyrella piluliformis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Psathyrella_piluliformis.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in small to large clusters on wood or deadwood of hardwoods or woody debris; sometimes appearing terrestrial but then probably arising from buried wood; spring through fall, or over winter in warm climates; widely distributed in North America; also widely distributed in Europe. The illustrated and described collection is from California.

Cap: 3-7 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex; a little sticky when fresh; bald; brown to reddish brown or honey brown when fresh, but changing color markedly as it dries out, to dull tan; when young with a belt of white veil tissue along the margin.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem; close; short-gills frequent; whitish to pale brownish first, becoming dull grayish brown.

Stem: 6-9 cm long; 4-9 mm thick; equal; fragile; bald or very finely silky; whitish, discoloring brownish where handled; without a ring.

Flesh: Thin; fragile; watery brownish.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-6 x 2.5-3.5 m; ellipsoid; with a very tiny pore; smooth; brownish in KOH. Lamellar trama parallel. Pleurocystidia 30-50 x 10-15 m; utriform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Cheilocystidia 35-50 x 7.5-10 m; widely cylindric to subutriform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis hymeniform/cellular; terminal elements 15-30 m across, subglobose, smooth, hyaline to orangish brown in KOH.

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Peziza arvernensis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Peziza_arvernensis.html

Ecology: Saprobic, growing alone or in clusters on the ground in hardwood and conifer forests, usually in areas that have accumulated woody debris; spring through fall--or in winter in coastal California; widely distributed in North America.

Fruiting Body: Cup-shaped when young, often flattening with age or becoming irregularly shaped due to the clustered growth habit; reaching a width of about 8 cm across; upper surface brown and fairly smooth, sometimes becoming slightly wrinkled; under surface minutely velvety with whitish fuzz, at least when young; without a stem; attached to the substrate at a central location. Odor none. Flesh fragile and brittle.

Microscopic Features: Spores 15-20 x 9-10 ; smooth when immature, sometimes becoming finely warted with maturity; elliptical; without oil droplets. Asci eight-spored; with blue tips in Melzer's Reagent; up to 235 x 15 . Paraphyses slender, with swollen tips.

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Lycoperdon curtisii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lycoperdon_curtisii.html

Ecology: Saprobic; usually growing in tight clusters; found in grass, often in disturbed-ground areas like ditches—but also sometimes appearing on woodchips in landscaping areas; late summer and fall; widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Fruiting Body: Shaped like a small ball, 1-3 cm across, but frequently contorted as a result of clustered growth; densely spiny when young; spines 1-2 mm long, often joined at their tips, easily rubbing off; in maturity often fairly smooth, with a powdery coating; white becoming pale brownish; developing a small hole at the top, through which spore dust escapes; appearing pinched together at the bottom; with a white, fleshy interior at first; later with yellowish to olive granular flesh and eventually filled with brownish or purplish brown spore dust; base attached to white rhizoids.

Microscopic Features: Spores 2-3 m; globose; minutely echinulate; hyaline in KOH; occasionally featuring a 1-2 m pedical. Capillitial threads 3-5 &#181m; wide; branching; mostly thin-walled and hyaline in KOH.

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Chlorencoelia torta

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Chlorencoelia_torta.html

Ecology: Saprobic on well-decayed, barkless hardwood logs; growing gregariously or in loose clusters in late summer and fall; apparently widely distributed in eastern North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Fruiting Body: Cup-shaped at first, becoming flattened or disc-shaped; with a rudimentary, central stem; cups 3-15 mm across, bald, moist, dirty orange at first, becoming olive stained and eventually dark brown; undersurface bald, radially wrinkled, colored like the upper surface; stem 2-5 mm high, 1-2 mm wide, tapered to base, bald, colored like the cap, smooth or becoming elaborately wrinkled; flesh cinnamon brown to brownish, unchanging when sliced.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to blackish on all surfaces.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-12 x 2.5-3.5 ; long-ellipsoid or nearly cylindric; smooth; hyaline and biguttulate in KOH; hyaline and 1-septate in Melzer's. Asci 125-150 long; 8-spored; cylindric; hyaline in KOH; in Melzer's reagent blue to bluish overall when immature, but when approaching maturity hyaline, with a tiny apical blue pore. Paraphyses filiform with subacute or merely rounded apices; 120-150 x 2-4 . Medullary excipulum elements dark brown in KOH; dark reddish brown in Melzer's. Terminal cells on excipular surface clavate to subglobose.

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Boletus rubriceps

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Boletus_rubriceps.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with Engelmann spruce, and perhaps with other spruces and with firs; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall, in monsoon season; southern Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado.

Cap: 8-22 cm at maturity; convex in the button stage, becoming broadly convex to nearly flat; greasy to tacky; bald; often shallowly wrinkled in places; brownish red to reddish brown; sometimes with a whitish bloom when young.

Pore Surface: White to whitish at first, becoming yellowish to brownish yellow and eventually olive; not bruising; pores "stuffed" at first; with 2-4 circular pores per mm at maturity; tubes to 2 cm deep.

Stem: 8-18 cm long; 3-8 cm thick; swollen and club-shaped when young, becoming club-shaped or equal; finely whitish-<A HREf="glossary.html#reticulation">reticulate over at least the upper portion; whitish or pale brownish; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: White; solid; unchanging when sliced, or staining slightly pinkish.

Odor and Taste: Taste nutty; odor not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH red to orange or orangish on cap; negative on flesh. Ammonia black to dark red on cap; negative on flesh.

Spore Print: Olive to brownish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 12-20 x 4-5.5 m; fusiform to subfusiform; smooth; yellowish in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia to about 30 x 5 m; lageniform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH; rare and scarcely projecting. Pileipellis a collapsing trichoderm; golden in KOH; elements 5-7.5 m wide, smooth, frequently septate; terminal cells subclavate, cylindric with rounded apices, or occasionally slightly constricted.

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Mushrooms lifting a metal strip off the ground! The strip is screwed into the concrete on the left, and to the right outside the frame!

I learnt reading Robin Wall #Kimmerer ‘s book Democracy of Species that the Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe) word “puhpowee” refers to “the force which causes mushrooms to push up from the earth overnight”.

What #puhpowee these soft beings have! After they save our minds from the #apocalypse they will reclaim the land from cities!

#mushrooms #photography #nature

Lactarius croceus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lactarius_croceus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and other hardwoods; growing alone or gregariously; summer and fall; fairly widely distributed in eastern North America, but more common in the Appalachian Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Ohio and West Virginia.

Cap: 6-11 cm; convex with an inrolled margin when young; becoming centrally depressed, with an uplifted margin, or shallowly vase-shaped; sticky to tacky when fresh; bald, but finely rugged; pale to dark orange or brownish orange; with or without faint to moderate concentric zones of color.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or just beginning to run down it; close; short-gills frequent; orangish cream when young, becoming orangish with maturity; when fresh staining orangish yellow where damaged, then slowly brownish.

Stem: 3-5 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; more or less equal; bald; without potholes; dry; orangish cream to orange.

Flesh: Whitish; fairly firm; when fresh staining very slowly yellow to pale orange when sliced.

Milk: Scant; whitish; staining surfaces slowly yellow to pale orange; staining white paper yellow overnight.

Odor and Taste: Odor sharp and fragrant; taste quickly moderately acrid.

Chemical Reactions: KOH dull olive on cap surface.

Spore Print: Reported as yellowish by Hesler & Smith (1979).

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 5-7 m; ellipsoid; ornamentation consisting of amyloid warts and ridges extending about 0.5 m high, forming partially reticulated areas; apiculus long and inamyloid. Conspicuous hymenial macrocystidia not found. Pileipellis a thick ixocutis; hyaline in KOH; elements cylindric, 2.5-5 m wide.

#mushrooms #fungi #mycology #shrooms #mushtodon #sporespondence #floraspondence