Xerocomus ferrugineus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Xerocomus_ferrugineus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with spruces and other conifers--but also occasionally reported under hardwoods (especially those occurring in mixed conifer-hardwood forests) and shrubs; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed in northern and montane North America; widely distributed in Europe. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado and Finland.

Cap: 4-9 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex; dry; finely velvety; usually olive brown to reddish brown or yellowish brown, but occasionally entirely olive or nearly green.

Pore Surface: Yellow, becoming olive yellow with maturity; not bruising, or bruising slowly bluish; pores xerocomoid, 1-2 mm wide; tubes to 10 mm deep.

Stem: 3-7 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; equal to slightly club-shaped, with a pinched off base; dry; solid and tough; widely and coarsely ribbed, over the apex or overall; whitish to yellowish or yellow; basal mycelium yellow.

Flesh: Whitish to pale yellowish; not staining when sliced, or turning pinkish in the cap.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia flashing blue-green on cap, then resolving to reddish brown; negative on flesh. KOH dark red to black on cap; orangish on flesh. Iron salts negative to gray on cap; negative on flesh.

Spore Print: Olive to olive brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-13 x 3-4.5 m; fusiform; smooth; yellowish in KOH. Hymenial cystidia 35-50 x 5-7.5 m; lageniform; thin-walled; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inconspicuous. Pileipellis a collapsing trichoderm; yellow in KOH; elements 5-7.5 m wide, smooth; terminal cells cylindric with rounded apices.

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https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/345971562

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Entoloma serrulatum

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Entoloma_serrulatum.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously in woods, often in damp areas; occasionally fruiting from moss-covered wood; late summer and fall (or over winter on the West Coast); apparently widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collection is from a tanoak forest in California.

Cap: 1-3 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex or slightly depressed; radially fibrillose-silky or finely scaly, especially over the center; black to bluish black, fading to gray; the margin finely lined in age.

Gills: Attached to the stem; close; whitish or pale bluish gray at first, becoming pinkish; with black or bluish black edges; jagged; with frequent short-gills.

Stem: 2-4 cm long; 2-3 mm thick; equal; silky at the apex and bald below; hollow; colored like the cap; with white mycelium at the base.

Flesh: Thin; fragile; pale or grayish.

Odor and Taste: Mealy.

Spore Print: Pink.

Microscopic Features: Spores 9-13 x 6.5-8 ; 5- or 6-sided. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 40-65 x 10-13 ; cylindric with subclavate, clavate, or subcapitate apices. Lamellar edge sterile. Pileipellis a cutis with areas of uplifted or ascending, clavate terminal elements; dark brown to blackish in 10% ammonia; pigment intracellular. Clamp connections absent.

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Tulostoma lloydii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Tulostoma_lloydii.html

Ecology: Presumably saprobic; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously in woods, or in waste places with woody debris and plant debris; summer and fall; east of the Great Plains.

Spore Case: 6-10 mm across; more or less round, with a flattened bottom when mature; outer skin dark, quickly sloughing away to reveal the paler, paper-like inner skin; underside socket-like and flattened, usually displaying the darker remains of the outer skin; developing a more or less apical, finely hairy opening that is initially surrounded by a somewhat raised area.

Spore Mass: Yellowish, becoming cinnamon brown and powdery with maturity.

Stem: 5-8 cm long and 2-4 mm thick; tough; dark brown to reddish brown; the surface breaking up into patches and zones as the stem grows; more or less equal above a bulbous base.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3.5-5 x 3.5-4 ; subglobose to broadly elliptical or sublacrymoid; smooth; ochraceous in KOH; often with a prominent apiculus. Capillitial threads hyaline to ochraceous in KOH; 3.5-11 wide; walls often thickened; often encrusted.

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https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/345678462

#Fungi #Macro #Photography #Nature #SilentSunday

Gymnopus androsaceus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Gymnopus_androsaceus.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing gregariously on the litter of conifers or, more rarely, hardwoods; summer and fall, or over winter in warm climates; originally described from Sweden; widespread in Europe and western Asia; in North America widely distributed but more common in montane and northern regions; also reported from South Africa. The illustrated and described collection is from Michigan.

Cap: 4-11 mm; convex, becoming broadly convex; dry; bald; pinkish brown to orangish brown or reddish brown, often fading so that the center is darker; broadly and shallowly grooved.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem; distant; with a few short-gills; pinkish.

Stem: 2-7 cm long; up to 1 mm thick; equal; dry; wiry; dark reddish brown to black; with abundant black rhizomorphs attached to the base.

Flesh: Insubstantial; pale brownish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores: 5-8 x 3.5-4.5 m; subellipsoid to elongated-lacrymoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 20-30 x 4-7 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate; basidioles fusiform to widely fusiform. Cheilocystidia as broom cells 10-20 x 6-8 m; clavate to subclavate or somewhat irregular; with numerous rodlike or coralloid projections 1-3 m long; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia not found. Pileipellis of more or less cylindric elements mixed with coralloid, broom cell projections; elements smooth or encrusted in KOH; clamp connections present.

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Gerronema strombodes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Gerronema_strombodes.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of oaks and other hardwoods; growing gregariously or, more often, in clusters; late spring through fall; apparently limited to the southeastern United States and the lower Midwest, from Ohio to Florida, west to Missouri, northward to New York. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Kentucky.

Cap: 2-11 cm across; planoconvex at first, becoming centrally depressed or shallowly vase-shaped; tacky at first but soon dry; with innate, brown to grayish brown pressed-down fibers that uniformly cover the surface when young, but begin to be stretched out and streaked-looking or finely scaly with age, exposing a yellow to pale yellowish surface underneath; margin not lined, often incurved, becoming wavy with age.

Gills: Running down the stem; distant; pale to dark yellow; short-gills frequent; cross-veined in mature specimens.

Stem: 3-10 cm long; 2-8 mm thick; tapered at base and flared at the apex; dry; bald; white to dull yellow.

Flesh: Thin; whitish to yellowish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to grayish on cap surface; negative on gills.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-10 x 4-6 m; ellipsoid, with a fairly prominent apiculus; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia not found. Pleurocystidia not found. Lamellar trama gelatinized and poorly defined. Pileipellis a cutis of hyaline, smooth elements 2.5-7.5 m wide, with exserted bundles of brown-pigmented, swollen, terminal cells 7.5-15 m wide, smooth, subclavate to clavate, subcapitate, or irregular. Clamp connections present.

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Cystoderma amianthinum

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Cystoderma_amianthinum.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously, usually in moss under conifers; late summer and fall (over winter in California); originally described from Slovenia (Scopoli 1772); widely distributed in Europe; widely distributed in North America, primarily in northern and montane (including the Appalachians) areas; also documented in Central America and Oceania. The illustrated and described collections are from Colorado.

Cap: 2-4 cm; convex or bell-shaped at first, becoming broadly convex, broadly bell-shaped, or nearly flat; dry; frequently somewhat wrinkled in radial patterns; when fresh covered with mealy granules; often yellow-brown when young, becoming golden yellow to yellowish or brownish; the margin not lined.

Gills: Attached to the stem, sometimes by means of a notch; close; short-gills frequent; whitish.

Stem: 2-5 cm long; 3-8 mm thick; more or less equal, or tapering to apex; dry; pale and fairly smooth near the apex, but sheathed with granular material and colored like the cap below, with the sheath terminating in a flimsy ring that quickly fragments or disappears.

Flesh: Whitish; thin.

Odor and Taste: Taste mild; odor usually pungent and unpleasant.

Chemical Reactions: KOH red on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 3-4 m; ellipsoid; smooth; at least weakly amyloid; hyaline in KOH. Basidia 26-28 x 4-5 m; clavate; 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis a trichoderm of chained, subglobose to ellipsoid, smooth elements 10-25 m wide, with orangish brown walls in KOH. Clamp connections present.

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