Vegan FTAAstro and Cosmo from Critter Creek Farm Sanctuary deserve every moment of joy they can get. 🐮💚
Dairy tears families apart! 💔
Credit: crittercreekfarmsanctuary (IG)
#dairycow #cows #cow #rescueanimals #animalsanctuary
Cows aren’t machines, they’re mothers. 🥺🐮
👉 Pizza Hut: Please Offer Plant-Based Cheese in the US! 🧀 https://veganfta.com/petitions/pizza-hut-please-offer-plant-based-cheese-in-the-us/ 🍕
With farahamberr (IG)
Credit: thesavemovement (IG)
#vegan #ditchdairy #dairyfree #dairyisscary #dairycow
No mother deserves this pain. 💔
👉 Ask Pizza Hut to Offer Plant-Based Cheese in the US! https://drove.com/.2Ocp 🍕
🎥: VeganFTA x vegangaze (IG)
Clip: thesavemovement (IG)
#dairy #ditchdairy #dairyisscary #dairycow #veganfortheanimals
Vietnamnet BOT
Cows were not meant to breastfeed humans for their entire lives. 👀
👉 Tell Waterbean Coffee to Drop the Non-Dairy Milk Upcharge! https://drove.com/.2NSZ ☕️
🎥: VeganFTA x vegan_bea (IG)
Clips from thesavemovement and galapagos_marc (IG)
#dairy #dairyfarming #dairycow #veganactivist #vegan
malinhedmanvestoUlrika och lilla Anna-Greta. Så vackra 😍 Finsk Ayrshire.
#ayrshire
#finnish
#vikinggenetics
#dairycow
#calf
#farming
#cow
#ayrshire
#finnish
#vikinggenetics
#dairycow
#calf
#farming
#cow
Sara Angeloni 🏳️🌈🇪🇺A group of 61 #DairyCow #Isopods split from the main colony. I counted them myself and I can't believe there are so many in there. They are exceptionally good at hiding. I think that they are probably the loveliest crustaceans out there. #VeryDemureVeryMindful We wish them a farewell on their way to a new house later today.
#PorcellioLaevis #Isopoda #animals #invertebrates #crustacean #soothing #relaxing #cute #manyLegs
ETIDIoHEstablishing #methods to #monitor #H5N1 #influenza virus in dairy #cattle #milk
Source: MedRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.24318491v1
Abstract
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza strain H5N1 has caused a multi-state outbreak among US dairy cattle, spreading across 15 states and infecting hundreds of herds since its onset. We rapidly developed and optimized PCR-based detection assays and sequencing protocols to support H5N1 molecular surveillance. Using 214 retail milk from 20 states for methods development, we found that H5N1 concentrations by digital PCR strongly correlated with qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, with dPCR exhibiting greater sensitivity. We also found that metagenomic sequencing after hybrid selection was best for higher concentration samples while amplicon sequencing performs best for lower concentrations. By establishing these methods, we were able to support the creation of a statewide surveillance program to test bulk milk samples monthly from all cattle dairy farms within Massachusetts, which remain negative to date. The methods, workflow, and recommendations described here provide a framework for others aiming to conduct H5N1 surveillance efforts.
____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #dairyProducts #diagnosticTests #foodSafety #h5n1 #health #massachusetts #news #research #USA
Establishing methods to monitor H5N1 influenza virus in dairy cattle milk
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza strain H5N1 has caused a multi-state outbreak among US dairy cattle, spreading across 15 states and infecting hundreds of herds since its onset. We rapidly developed and optimized PCR-based detection assays and sequencing protocols to support H5N1 molecular surveillance. Using 214 retail milk from 20 states for methods development, we found that H5N1 concentrations by digital PCR strongly correlated with qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, with dPCR exhibiting greater sensitivity. We also found that metagenomic sequencing after hybrid selection was best for higher concentration samples while amplicon sequencing performs best for lower concentrations. By establishing these methods, we were able to support the creation of a statewide surveillance program to test bulk milk samples monthly from all cattle dairy farms within Massachusetts, which remain negative to date. The methods, workflow, and recommendations described here provide a framework for others aiming to conduct H5N1 surveillance efforts. ### Competing Interest Statement P.C.S. is co-founder and shareholder in Sherlock Biosciences and Delve Bio, and is a board member and shareholder of Danaher Corporation. DHO is a co-founder and managing member of Pathogenuity LLC. ### Funding Statement This work was supported by funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator Program (to P.C.S.), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (BAA 75D30122C15113 to P.C.S and PGCoE NU50CK000629 to S.W., L.M., P.C.S, and B.L.M.), and the NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (GCID U19AI110818 to P.C.S. and D.J.P. and CREID U01AI151812 to P.C.S.). J.A.S. is supported in this project by philanthropic funding from the TED Audacious Project. D.H.O. and W.V. were funded by Heart of Racing and the UW Institute for Clinical and Translational Researchs Pilot Award program. This publication was supported by the Office of Advanced Molecular Detection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Cooperative Agreement Number CK22-2204. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views or policies of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. government. This study has been approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors
A single #mutation in #bovine #influenza #H5N1 #hemagglutinin switches specificity to #human #receptors
Source: Science, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt0180
Editor’s summary
In 2021, a highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was detected in North America that is capable of infecting a diversity of avian species, marine mammals, and humans. In 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b virus spread widely in dairy cattle in the US, causing a few mild human cases, but retaining specificity for avian receptors. Historically, this virus has caused up to 30% fatality in humans, so Lin et al. performed a genetic and structural analysis of the mutations necessary to fully switch host receptor recognition. A single glutamic acid to leucine mutation at residue 226 of the virus hemagglutinin was sufficient to enact the change from avian to human specificity. In nature, the occurrence of this single mutation could be an indicator of human pandemic risk. —Caroline Ash
Abstract
In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b bovine influenza H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to-human or even human-to-human transmission. In this study, analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) from the first-reported human-infecting bovine H5N1 virus (A/Texas/37/2024, Texas) revealed avian-type receptor binding preference. Notably, a Gln226Leu substitution switched Texas HA binding specificity to human-type receptors, which was enhanced when combined with an Asn224Lys mutation. Crystal structures of the Texas HA with avian receptor analog LSTa and its Gln226Leu mutant with human receptor analog LSTc elucidated the structural basis for this preferential receptor recognition. These findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of emerging mutations in avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses.
____
#aH5n1 #abstract #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #dairyCow #h5n1 #health #news #research