Sources of Practice
Practice of Practice is a way to provide a social architecture that supports connective labor between teams and team members. Solidifying this layer of relationships is key to nourishing resilience in any organization. It does this through a tripod of supportive and interconnected parts:
A Practice of Practice regimen forms a community of practice that reflects ambient values: the types of learning that happen there are useful elsewhere, driving a culture surrounding these values.
The norms and rituals provided by Practice of Practice come about because the organization sanctions and supports the time and effort that goes into making space in peoples' schedules to become part of the community of practice.
This all requires a dedicated leader who makes sure the time and resources exist for connection and empathy. They learn to facilitate and run the gameplay and discover new things about the system along with other community members. They are the champion of this discipline at the org.
This article introduces a resource for Practice of Practice gameplay by providing some of the context for why this is a good idea for teams managing ambiguity. We'll see how communication is dependent on the signals we use to connect as humans and how practicing them helps us collaborate better.
When software systems fail, people are called to action. Because failures are unexpected, this typically results in those people being interrupted. Regardless of sophisticated auto-remediation or defect location, there will be a point where everyone is gathered together in a chat channel or video bridge, and people are the ones who coordinate to restore the system.
Coordination is gained through close collaboration. People working together. Collaboration is possible because people communicate. To do that, people use signals.
Signals
Our basic building block of communication is a signal. To understand the origin of how we came to need digital signals let's talk a little bit about talk.
In 1983, a unix command called talk was added to BSD. This version could connect users across the network, not just on the local machine. In two panes on the screen, one above the other, two people can write out a conversation. When I first used it around 1990 it felt magical, I still remember the room where I sat late at night on campus, being astonished while chatting over talk with someone in England. It's still in MacOS and other unix-derived systems today.
The rise of simultaneous chat came shortly after the dawn of the smiley, or emoticon. :-) This one is a signal to someone else, portraying a smile, using only the character set available in text-based apps like talk. Japanese kaomoji also appeared around the same time, used by teenagers instead of computer nerds. They tend to be more expressive, in that they carry stronger signals. (^_^)
Digital media has expanded around emoticons and kaomoji. We use Group Emails, Video Calls, Chat Threads, Memes, DMs, @ Mentions, even Document Comments to send signals. Contrast this with what we do when we're in a room together, when we can make eye contact or even touch. When we're not in the same room, humans will adapt their signaling to the situation. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
By doing things together as a team we learn our signals. Over time, we notice how they appear, shared across digital media where we communicate. Actions together become streamlined because we begin to share a common jargon, or argot: "Cycling 30 in 5, someone on dbmain WAL?" This may look like it says one thing, but mean quite another to a well-practiced team.
Practice
Consider that Practice has two phases that are closely interconnected and yet separate activities: declarative study where we practice theory, and interactive application where we practice the craft.
The first is the learned skill of performing a role. This is declarative knowledge that can be learned through observation and study. This Theory of Practice is connected strongly to intellectual activity, it represents a map of how things should happen.
The second is a non-intellectual activity. The Practice of Practice connects us to instincts, intuitions, and insights. It contains practical knowledge and represents hands-on learning. Ambiguity is a quality of this kind of practice.
Deliberate Practice contains both. It takes deliberate practice to become skillful through theories of the technique, it takes deliberate practice to work in concert with a group of humans. Blending the phases of Practice is necessary for overall collaboration, communication, and coordination.
Rehearsing our Practice together is what "Practice of Practice" means. This is why music groups practice improvising together, why arctic rescuers practice improvising together, and why site reliability engineers practice improvising together. To practice improvisation, many disciplines play games. Through their signal building, games help us build relationships.
Relationships
Practice of Practice Resources is a catalog of games, exercises, definitions, and links. These are activities for teams looking for ideas to get their own learning discipline going. There are no more than a dozen or so items listed today, with potential to grow larger as we find and try more things to play.
When we engage in play together, our group unlocks a special ability called connective labor. Each person feels seen by the others. Community is created, trust is built, knowledge is shared, and empathy is gained.
Training to improvise together reveals another special ability in teams: adaptive capacity. An example of this is when responders become overloaded by a new ambiguity and our practiced team knows quickly how to shed load or get expert help using the limited resources they have at hand.
Different games will cover different ways that resilience like this shows up during failures. Regardless of which gameplay style fits your needs, you can help make the practice stick by following some basic guidelines:
Designate a person who stewards these sessions and champions them in the org. They are usually the first to pick the game, plan, schedule, and facilitate. This isn't a shared responsibility, this is a chance for someone to pick up leadership skills.
Establish your sessions as a Community of Practice by making it a recurring event. Block that time for future meetings and let attendance be optional. Pick a time when people are generally available.
Get the official buy-in from leadership by including them in the activity. When leaders join and participate in learning, they are supporting the kind of social architecture that nourishes connective labor.
Building relationships is the primary thing Practice of Practice hopes to do. For that, we need opportunities for sharing. Practice is where the context of our work comes into play. For musicians it might be jazz bebop, for arctic rescuers a harsh dynamic landscape, for SRE the joint cognitive activities we use to manage computer systems.
Hopefully this library of games and exercises will help your team. If you are interested in learning more, we’re holding our first Practice of Practice Gamelan session on May 13th with interactive exercises and an opportunity to learn how to help your teams work together better.
Matt Davis