Today in Labor History June 7, 1929: Striking textile workers battled police in Gastonia, North Carolina, during the Loray Mill Strike. Police Chief O.F. Aderholt was accidentally killed by one of his own officers during a protest march by striking workers. Nevertheless, the authorities arrested six strike leaders. They were all convicted of âconspiracy to murder.â
The strike lasted from April 1 to September 14. It started in response to the âstretch-outâ system, where bosses doubled the spinnersâ and weaversâ work, while simultaneously lowering their wages. When the women went on strike, the bosses evicted them from their company homes. Masked vigilantes destroyed the unionâs headquarters. The NTWU set up a tent city for the workers, with armed guards to protect them from the vigilantes.
One of the main organizers was a poor white woman named Ella May Wiggans. She was a single mother, with nine kids. Rather than living in the tent city, she chose to live in the African American hamlet known as Stumptown. She was instrumental in creating solidarity between black and white workers and rallying them with her music. Some of her songs from the strike were âMill Motherâs Lament,â and âBig Fat Boss and the Workers.â Her music was later covered by Pete Seeger and Woodie Guthrie, who called her the âpioneer of the protest ballad.â During the strike, vigilantes shot her in the chest. She survived, but later died of whooping cough due to poverty and inadequate medical care.
For really wonderful fictionalized accounts of this strike, read âThe Last Ballad,â by Wiley Cash (2017) and âStrike!â by Mary Heaton Vorse (1930).
https://youtu.be/Ud-xt7SVTQw?t=31
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