Ancient of Days
This is a name for God in the Book of Daniel. This term appears 3x in the Book of Daniel (7:9; 13; 22). This term is used in the sense of God being eternal.
In the Zohar (the seminal document of Kabbalah that emerged in 13th century Spain) there’s mention of the Ancient of Ancients, & the Holy Ancient One. The Ancient of Days is the manifestation of the Ancient of Ancients within Creation. It refers to the most primary (“ancient”) source of creation in the divine will Keter (“Crown”).
In the 16th century Lurianic Kabbalah, Atik Yomin is systemized as the uppermost Partzuf (Divine “Countenance/Configuration”) in rectification of the World of Atzilut (“Emanation”) after the “Shattering of the sephirot Vessels.”
Keter of Atzilut acts as the guiding Divine motivation in creation, developing into 2 partzufim, Atik Yomin (Ancient of Days) & Arich Anpin (“Long Visage/Infinitely Patient One”). Atik Yomin is the inner partzuf of Keter, synonymous with Divine Delight, that enclothes within & motivates Arich Anpin, the outer partzuf of Keter, synonymous with Divine Will.
Arich Anpin is said to extend down all levels of Creation in ever more concealed mode as the divine substratum of everything. The Zohar goes into great detail describing the White Head of God & ultimately by Luria, emanation of its anthropomorphic personality of attributes.
In the descending realms explained by Luria, the Gulgalta (“Skull”-Keter Will) within Arich Anpin enclothes the Chesed (Kindness) of Atik Yomin, becoming the origin of the lights of the world of Atzilut; the Mocha Stima’ah (“Concealed Brain” – Chokmah Wisdom) within Arich Anpin enclothes the Gevurah (Severity) of Atik Yomin, becoming the origin of the vessels of the world of Atzilut.
The Dikna (“Beard”) of Arich Anpin constricts the infinite light originating from Atik Yomin in 13 channels of rectification to lower, relatively finite reality. The Merkabah text Re’uyot Yehezkel identifies the Ancient of Days as Metatron. Metatron is an angel in Judaism, Gnosticism, & Islam.
In Eastern Orthodox Christian hymns & icons, the Ancient of Days is sometimes identified with God the Father or occasionally, the Holy Spirit. But most properly, in accordance with Orthodox theology he’s identified with God the Son, Jesus.
Eastern Christian art will sometimes portray Jesus as an old man, the Ancient of Days, to show symbolically that he existed from all eternity. Sometimes as a young man, or wise baby, to portray him as he was incarnate.
This iconography emerged in the 6th century. Mostly in the Eastern Empire with elderly images, although usually not properly or specifically identified as “the Ancient of Days.” The 1st images of the Ancient of Days, so named with an inscription, were developed by iconographers in different manuscripts, the earliest of which are dated to the 11th century.
The images in these manuscripts included “Jesus Christ, Ancient of Days,” confirming that this is a way to identify Christ as pre-eternal with the God the Father. Later, it was declared by the Russian Orthodox Church at the Great Synod of Moscow in 1667 that the Ancient of Days was the Son & not the Father.
In the Western Church, similar figures usually represent ONLY God the Father. In the Book of Enoch, it states that he who’s called “Son of man,” who existed before the worlds were, is seen by Enoch in company with the “Ancient of Days.”
According to the Urantia Book, the Ancients (yes, plural) of Days are an order of celestial beings created by the Trinity to serve in groups of 3 as the rulers of the 7 super-universes of time & space. The Urantia Book is a spiritual, philosophical, & religious book that originated in Chicago, Illinois. It was printed sometime between 1924 & 1955.
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