Systems thinkers use a number of different terms for the three basic concepts in the âsystemâs triadâ so that we have a âreal systemâ as opposed to the âconceptual systemâ which is sometimes also called the âmental modelâ which is again different from the (real) descriptive or simulation model. In #Kihbernetics we make the distinction between #Machine, #System and #Model unambiguous following the rules specified in the works of #WRAshby and #HRMaturana
Ashby warns us against our first impulse to point at the pendulum and say âthe system is that thing thereâ because this has a fundamental disadvantage in that âevery material object contains no less than an infinity of variablesâ from which âdifferent observers (with different aims) may reasonably make an infinity of different selections.â
Therefore, there must first be given an #observer, and a #system is then defined as âany set of variables selected by that observer from those available on the real âmachineââ.
#HRMaturana defines a #system, as âa #configuration of #relations that an #observer abstracts in the flow of #interactions and #transformations of a #collection of #elements distinguished in the observers daily livingâ that is âspontaneously or artificially #conservedâ in its #dynamic within some â#domain of concernâ of the observer.
So, in Kihbernetics, the triad looks like this: