Participants infected with rhinovirus in the previous 30 days were at a 48% lower risk for COVID-19 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.52). Among COVID-infected participants, recent rhinovirus infection was tied to a 9.6-fold lower SARS-CoV-2 viral load, or amount of virus in the body, an indicator of infection severity.
Rhinovirus infections [...] trigger increased expression of antiviral airway genes,
Higher pre-infection expression of 57 genes, including 24 antiviral defense genes, was linked to a lower SARS-CoV-2 viral load, with rhinovirus infection triggering expression of 22 of the antiviral genes. Children expressed higher levels of the antiviral gene signature and were at a 2.2-fold higher risk for rhinovirus infection than adults.
Sensitivity analyses suggested that, compared with more distant and asymptomatic rhinovirus infection, recent and symptomatic infections were associated with greater reductions in COVID-19 risk.
"Rhinovirus infections, which trigger increased expression of antiviral airway genes, are linked to a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection," the study authors wrote. "Frequent rhinovirus infections may enhance this protective gene profile, partially explaining why children experience milder SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to adults."
from coverage at https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/recent-common-cold-may-nearly-halve-risk-covid-19-study-suggests
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