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Toki Pona roots generally come from English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch, Acadian French, Esperanto, Croatian, and Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese).[28]

Many of these derivations are transparent. For example, oko (eye) is identical to Croatian oko and similar to other cognates such as Spanish ojo, Italian occhio and English ocular; likewise, toki (speech, language) is similar to Tok Pisin tok and its English source talk, while pona (good, positive), from Esperanto bona, reflects generic Romance bon, buona, etc. However, the changes in pronunciation required by the simple phonetic system make the origins of other words more difficult to see. The word lape (to sleep, to rest), for example, comes from Dutch slapen and is cognate with English sleep; kepeken (to use) is somewhat distorted from Dutch gebruiken, and akesi from hagedis (lizard) is scarcely recognizable. [Because *ti is not possible in Toki Pona, Dutch di comes through as si.]

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Although only 14 roots (12%) are listed as derived from English, a large number of the Tok Pisin, Esperanto, and other roots are transparently cognate with English, raising the English-friendly portion of the vocabulary to about 30%. The portions of the lexicon from other languages are 15% Tok Pisin, 14% Finnish, 14% Esperanto, 12% Croatian, 10% Acadian, 9% Dutch, 8% Georgian, 5% Mandarin, 3% Cantonese; one root each from Welsh, Tongan (an English borrowing), Akan, and an uncertain language (apparently Swahili); four phonesthetic roots (two which are found in English, one from Japanese, and one which was made up); and one other made-up root (the grammatical particle e).

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Tok Pisin

All but one of these derive ultimately from English.

18: insa (insait, from Eng. inside), kama (kamap, Eng. come up), ken (ken, Eng. can), lili (liklik 'small'), lon (long 'at', from Eng. along), lukin (lukim, Eng. look 'em), meli (meri 'woman', from Eng. Mary), nanpa (namba, Eng. number), open (open, Eng. open), pakala (bagarap, Eng. bugger up), pi (bilong 'of', from Eng. belong), pilin (pilim, Eng. feel 'em), pini (pinis, Eng. finish), poki (bokis, Eng. box), suwi (swit, Eng. sweet), taso (tasol 'only, but', from Eng. that's all), toki (tok, Eng. talk)

Also obsolete pata (brata, from Eng. brother)
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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Finnish

17 (one shared): ike (ilkeä 'bad'), kala (kala 'fish'), kasi (kasvi 'plant'), kin (-kin 'even, any'), kiwen (kiven, genitive of kivi 'stone'), linja (linja 'line'; cf. English 'linear'), lipu (lippu 'banner, ticket, flag'), ma (maa 'land'), mije (miehen, genitive of mies 'man'), nena (nenä 'nose'), nimi (nimi 'name'), pimeja (pimeä 'dark'), sama (sama 'same'; also Esperanto sama), sina (sinä 'thou'), suli (suuri 'big'), wawa (vahva 'strong'), walo (valo 'light' (not dark), valko- 'white' (in compound words), valkoinen 'white')

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Croatian

The body-part words come from Croatian.

14: kalama (galáma 'fuss, noise'; cf. English clamour), lawa (glava 'head'), luka (rúka 'arm, hand'), lupa (rupa 'hole'), nasin (náčin 'manner'), noka (nòga 'leg'), oko (òko 'eye'; cf. English ocular), olin (volim 'I love'; cf. English volition), ona (ona 'she'), palisa (pàlica 'stick'; cf. English palisade), poka (bòka, genitive of bòk 'side, flank'), sijelo (tìjelo 'body, flesh'), utala (ùdarati 'beat'; cf. udara ('strike'?)), uta (ústa 'mouth'

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Esperanto

Most of these come from English or Romance.

13 (one shared): ilo (ilo 'tool', from English/Romance suffix -il, -ile), ijo (io 'thing'), la (la 'the', from French/Italian la), li (li 'he', from French lui, Italian egli), musi (amuzi 'to amuse', French amuser), mute (multe 'many'; cf. English multitude), pali (fari 'to do, to make'; cf. Italian fare), pona (bona 'good'; cf. English bona fide), sama (sama 'same', also Finnish sama), selo (ŝelo 'skin, peel', from English shell), suno (suno 'sun', from English sun), tenpo (tempo 'time', from Italian (& English) tempo), tomo (domo 'house'; cf. English domestic, domicile)

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Dutch

Most of these are cognate with their English translations.

11: akesi (hagedis 'lizard'), ale/ali (al, alle 'all'), ante (ander 'other'), awen (houden 'hold'), en (en 'and'), kepeken (gebruiken, bruiken 'use'; cf. English 'brook', as in "could brook no equal"), lape (slapen 'sleep'), loje (rooie, rood 'red'), sitelen (schilderen 'picture, paint, portray'; cf. Eng. dial. sheld 'particolored'), weka (weg 'way, path, away'), wile (willen 'want')

http://speedydeletion.wikia.com/wiki/Toki_Pona

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Acadian French

11 (two shared): anpa (en bas 'down'; cf. English on base), kule (couleur 'colour'), kute (écouter 'listen'; cf. English 'scout, auscultate'), lete (fret/frette 'cold'; French froid), len (linge 'linens'), monsi (mon tchu/tchul 'my ass'; French mon cul), moli (mourir 'die'; cf. English mortal), pini (finis 'finished'; also Tok Pisin pinis), pipi (bibitte), supa (English/French surface 'surface'), telo (de l'eau 'some water'; cf. English gardyloo), waso (oiseau 'bird'; cf. obsolete English enoisel)

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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English

These roots were taken directly from English. Their semantics, however, may differ substantially. For example, tawa comes from "toward", but can mean "to go to".

10 (two shared): jelo (yellow), jaki (yucky), mani (money), mu (moo!), mun (moon), pilin (feeling; also Tok Pisin pilim), sike (circle), supa (English/French surface), tawa (towards), tu (two), wan (one)

http://speedydeletion.wikia.com/wiki/Toki_Pona

#TokiPona #word_origin #etymon #tan_ma #English

Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

Jul 15, 2018 at 5:16pmWeb
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Georgian

8: ala (არა ara 'no, not'), anu (ანუ anu 'or'), kili (ხილი xili 'fruit'), seli (ცხელი tsxeli 'hot'), sewi (ზევით zevit 'up'), sona (ცოდნა tsodna 'to know'), soweli (ცხოველი tsxoveli 'animal'), tan (დან dan 'from')

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Mandarin

6 (one shared): jo (有 yǒu 'to have'), kon (空气 kōngqì 'air'), pan 'grain, cereal product' (饭 fàn 'rice'; also Cantonese 飯 faahn; cf. Spanish pan 'bread'), seme (什么 shénme 'what?'), sin (新 xīn 'new'), sinpin (前边 qiánbian 'front')

Cantonese

4 (one shared): jan (人 yàhn 'person'), ko (膏 gòu 'fat, ointment'), ni (呢 nì 'this'), pan 'grain, cereal product' (飯 faahn 'rice'; also Mandarin 饭 fàn; cf. Spanish pan 'bread')

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Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Multiple languages

4: a (A!, ah!, etc. in all the above), o (English O!, Esperanto ho!, French ô!, etc.; also the Georgian vocative case suffix -ო -o), mi (English me, Tok Pisin mi, Esperanto mi, Dutch mij, Croatian me ~ mi), mama (Georgian მამა mama 'father'; most of the other languages above mama, maman, etc. 'mother')

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#TokiPona #word_origin #etymon #tan_ma #multiple_languages

Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

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Other languages

5: esun 'store' (Akan, from edwamu [edʒum] 'at market', from dwa [dʒwa] 'market'), kulupu (Tongan kulupu, from English group), laso (Welsh glas 'sky, blue-green'), moku 'eat' (Japanese phonesthetic モグモグ(食べる) mogu mogu (taberu) 'munch'), pana 'give' (Swahili pana 'to give to each other')

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#TokiPona #word_origin #etymon #tan_ma #other_languages #toki_ante

Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...

Show threadjansegersJul 15, 2018

Novel creations

2: e, unpa (phonesthetic)
Unknown

5: nasa,[29] and the obsolete roots kapa (protuberance), iki (a pronoun), leko (block, stairs), and kan (with).

note
[29] ↑ Said to be from Tok Pisin "nasau", but this has not been confirmed. It does not appear in dictionaries and has not been recognized by Tok Pisin speakers.

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#TokiPona #word_origin #etymon #tan_ma #other_origins #unknown

Toki Pona

Toki Pona Pronunciation [toki pona] Created by Sonja Elen Kisa Date 2001 Setting and usage testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and pidgins Users three said to be fluent; several dozen with internet chat ability  (date missing) Purpose constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and philosophical language Sources a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch...