Robert K. Merton et la prophétie autoréaisatrice.
#robertkmerton #sociologie #psy #mastolivre #livre #amreading #comprendre #savoir
@nolan And more on #Manifestation here:
Steven Pinker’s Panglossianism has long annoyed me
... In the argument between those arguing for optimism vs. pessimism, the optimists have the advantage of pointing to a current set of known good states — facts in the present which can be clearly pointed to and demonstrated. A global catastrophic risk by definition has not yet ocurred and therefore of necessity exists in a latent state. Worse, it shares non-existence with an infinite universe of calamities, many or most of which can not or never will occur, and any accurate Cassandra has the burden of arguing why the risk she warns of is not among the unrealisable set. The side arguing for pessimism cannot point to any absolute proof or evidence, only indirect evidence such as similar past history, theory, probability distributions, and the like. To further compound matters, our psychological makeup resists treating such hypotheticals with the same respect granted manifested scenarios. ...
Also #RobertKMerton
https://diaspora.glasswings.com/posts/d0b93200d8e40138d780002590d8e506
Steven Pinker's Panglossianism has long annoyed me A key to understanding why is in the nature of technical debt, complexity traps (Joseph Tainter) or progress traps (Ronald Wright), closely related to Robert K. Merton's notions of unintended consequences and manifesst vs. latent functions. You can consider any technology (or interventions) as having attributes along several dimensions. Two of those are impact (positive or negative) and realisation timescale (short or long). Positive Negative Short realisation Obviously good Obviously bad Long realisation Unobviously good Unobviously bad Technologies with obvious quickly-realised benefits are generally and correctly adopted, those with obvious quickly-realised harms rejected. But we'll also unwisely reject technologies whose benefits are not immediately or clearly articulable, and reject those whose harms are long-delayed or unapparent. And the pathological case is when short-term obvious advantage is paired with long-term ...
@kensanata
An alternative is the traditional "chinese doctor payment model": you pay the doctor when you're well, the doctor's incentive is to keep you well, and to restore your health at minimal cost and time.
Keep in mind that this can still be a market-based mechanism. What's changed, though, is the notion of what specificially the good or service being sought is, where the value lies, and what constitutes cost.
Though it might also be considered a state (or other collective) interest, and that the healthcare sector is delivering a service (a healthy and capable population) to the community as a whole.
(Education and other social services might be similarly considered, though here, education as a service to employers in delivering a capable workforce is another interpretation --- not without its own set of implications.)
#RobertKMerton #Hygiene #CovertFunctions #ManifestFunctions #TechOntology
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@kensanata
Because of numerous aspects of market function, we tend to compensate based on service or product delivery rather than based on achieved results. There's also a challenge in measuring or assessing hygiene interventions, simply because they're long-term, indirect, and in general covert rather than manifest.
The sociologist Robert K. Merton came up with (or substantially developed) the notions of manifest & covert functions as well as intended and unintended consequences. He makes a strong argument that covert functions are conceptually more significant knowledge simply by fact that they're less evident or obvious.
#TechOntology #ManifestFunctions #CovertFunctions #Hygiene #RobertKMerton
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@baldur Information asymmetries arise where one party to a transaction has more information than the other. Or, more often, each party has information unknown to the other, though in different areas.
This means that a key assumption of free and competitive markets is violated: equal access to information. One party is advantaged over the other. In at least part. The topic has been a fairly hot area of research since the 1950s, notably by Kenneth Arrow and George Akerloff (#MarketForLemons).
Information frictions affect both parties, and affect current awareness of long-term outcomes. The issue here is that neither side has a clear view of the ultimate benefit, or cost, of some decision.
This is fundamental to the intersection of economics and technology, because all technologies, as means to some ends, have multiple dimensions:
"Manifestation" is a term I'm using to indicate how apparent an outcome is, near-equivalent terms are "latent vs. manifest funtions" (#RobertKMerton), "overt vs. covert", or "cognizability". A manifest outcome is one clearly perceived, a non-manifest outcome is one poorly perceived. Or understood, communicated, detected, etc.
#capitalism #InformationAsymmetry #InformationFriction
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In Merton's "manifestation", there are manifest (obvious) and latent (non-obvious) functions to social phenomena, institutions, etc.
That seems to presuppose manifest and latent _pereceptions_, generally, though Merton doesn't discuss this. The idea does turn up in all kinds of contexts though, like for example, er, context. That is, words don't have fixed literal meanings, but gain cromulence by association.
Explicit vs. implicit meaning.
#manifestation #RobertKMerton #RobertSapolsky
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Plastic is visible, tangible, and relatable.
This raises it on the perception/awareness axis.
#Risk is a #Latent Function in the #RobertKMerton sense.
It's further tied to #FireSector, #Cassandra complex (and #BoyWhoCriedWolf and #ChickenLittle), and #Advertising (and #OnlineAdvertising and #AdTech).
Sorry, a lot there, and I'll try to unpack.
See earlier on #manifestation :
https://mastodon.cloud/@dredmorbius/103505217005195425
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On Surveillance Capitalism, Manifestation, Latency, Tangibility, and Cognizability > It is precisely the latent functions of a practice or belief which are not common knowlege, for these are unintended and generally unrecognized social and psychological consequences. Also: #surveillanceCapitalism #FacialRecognition #LocationData and #NicholasCage https://joindiaspora.com/posts/17007620 #manifestation #RobertKMerton
On Surveillance Capitalism, Manifestation, Latency, Tangibility, and Cognizability
> It is precisely the latent functions of a practice or belief which are not common knowlege, for these are unintended and generally unrecognized social and psychological consequences.
Also: #surveillanceCapitalism #FacialRecognition #LocationData and #NicholasCage
On Surveillance Capitalism, Manifestation, Latency, Tangibility, and Cognizability On why pervasive facial recognition (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/technology/clearview-privacy-facial-recognition.html) is recognised as "creepy" in ways that other forms of surveillance, such as the massive amounts of personal and location data tracking afforded by mobile phones, is not. In addition to the frequently noted fact that your phone is separable in ways your face, Nick Cage and John Travolta excepted (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face/Off), is not, there's the notion of manifest versus latent (or tangible vs. intangible) perceptions. Humans are visual creatures. To "see" is synymous with "to understand". Vision is a high-fidelity sense, in ways that even other senses (hearing, smell, taste, touch) are not. And all our senses are more immediate than perceptions mediated by devices (as with radiation or magnetism) or delivered via symbols, data, or maths. This is a tremendously sig...
cob
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