Today in Labor History April 19, 1943: The 50,000 Jews remaining in Warsaw began a desperate and heroic attempt to resist Nazi deportation to extermination camps. Their armed insurgency became known as the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. It was the largest single revolt by Jews against the Nazis during World War II.
There had been over 3 million Jews living in Poland prior to the Nazi occupation. The Nazis rounded them up and forced them into crowded ghettos. The Warsaw ghetto had 250,000-300,000 Jews living in abominable conditions. Roughly this same number of Jews were slaughtered at the Treblinka concentration camp within the two months the Nazis started deporting them. The Warsaw Jews managed to stockpile Molotov cocktails, rifles, hand grenades, military uniforms, and even a few pistols and some explosives. However, the resistance was crushed by the Nazis on May 16.
Organizing for the uprising, and military training, were provided by the left-wing, youth-led Jewish Combat Organization and the right-wing Jewish Military Union. However, the Jews knew from the start that the uprising was doomed. Most of the Jewish fighters did not expect to survive. Rather, they saw their resistance as a battle for their honor and a protest against the world’s silence. Marek Edelman, one of the few survivors, said their inspiration to fight was “not to allow the Germans alone to pick the time and place of our deaths.”
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