Mastodawn

Tino Eberl Jul 18, 2024

#HyFiT-Kraftstoffe könnten sauberen und CO2-neutralen Antrieb im #Schwerlastverkehr ermöglichen. Diese #synthetischeKraftstoffe, hergestellt aus #Biomasse oder CO2, sind kompatibel mit bestehenden #Infrastrukturen und reduzieren Feinstaub- und #Stickoxidemissionen erheblich. Sie erfüllen globale #Kraftstoffstandards und ermöglichen den Übergang zu Netto-Null-Emissionen. HyFiT-Kraftstoffe bieten eine Ergänzung zur #Elektrifizierung im #Transportsektor.

#Klimaschutz

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01581-z

Towards carbon-neutral and clean propulsion in heavy-duty transportation with hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels - Nature Energy

For synthetic fuels to aid in a transition towards cleaner transportation, they must fulfil criteria related to scalability, compatibility with existing infrastructure and environmental impacts. Here the authors show that hydroformylated Fischer–Tropsch fuels comprising optimized alkane–alcohol blends are promising candidates when judged by these metrics.

Nature

Tino Eberl Jun 14, 2024

Die #Stickoxidemissionen sind in den letzten vier Jahrzehnten stark angestiegen, vor allem durch die #Landwirtschaft. Ohne Technologien zur Entfernung muss der Fokus auf die Reduktion der #Emissionen gelegt werden, um die Ziele des Pariser Abkommens zu erreichen. 2020 wurden über 10 Millionen Tonnen #Stickoxid ausgestoßen, hauptsächlich durch chemische #Düngemittel und #Tierabfälle.

#Klimawandel #Landwirtschaft #Umweltschutz #ParisAgreement

https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/2543/2024/essd-16-2543-2024.html

Global nitrous oxide budget (1980–2020)

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance that has been accumulating in the atmosphere since the preindustrial period. The mole fraction of atmospheric N2O has increased by nearly 25 % from 270 ppb (parts per billion) in 1750 to 336 ppb in 2022, with the fastest annual growth rate since 1980 of more than 1.3 ppb yr−1 in both 2020 and 2021. According to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6), the relative contribution of N2O to the total enhanced effective radiative forcing of greenhouse gases was 6.4 % for 1750–2022. As a core component of our global greenhouse gas assessments coordinated by the Global Carbon Project (GCP), our global N2O budget incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks and accounts for the interactions between nitrogen additions and the biogeochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (BU: inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, and process-based land and ocean modeling) and top-down (TD: atmospheric measurement-based inversion) approaches. We provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks in 21 natural and anthropogenic categories in 18 regions between 1980 and 2020. We estimate that total annual anthropogenic N2O emissions have increased 40 % (or 1.9 Tg N yr−1) in the past 4 decades (1980–2020). Direct agricultural emissions in 2020 (3.9 Tg N yr−1, best estimate) represent the large majority of anthropogenic emissions, followed by other direct anthropogenic sources, including fossil fuel and industry, waste and wastewater, and biomass burning (2.1 Tg N yr−1), and indirect anthropogenic sources (1.3 Tg N yr−1) . For the year 2020, our best estimate of total BU emissions for natural and anthropogenic sources was 18.5 (lower–upper bounds: 10.6–27.0) Tg N yr−1, close to our TD estimate of 17.0 (16.6–17.4) Tg N yr−1. For the 2010–2019 period, the annual BU decadal-average emissions for both natural and anthropogenic sources were 18.2 (10.6–25.9) Tg N yr−1 and TD emissions were 17.4 (15.8–19.20) Tg N yr−1. The once top emitter Europe has reduced its emissions by 31 % since the 1980s, while those of emerging economies have grown, making China the top emitter since the 2010s. The observed atmospheric N2O concentrations in recent years have exceeded projected levels under all scenarios in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), underscoring the importance of reducing anthropogenic N2O emissions. To evaluate mitigation efforts and contribute to the Global Stocktake of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, we propose the establishment of a global network for monitoring and modeling N2O from the surface through to the stratosphere. The data presented in this work can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/RQ8P-2Z4R (Tian et al., 2023).