Cory DoctorowToday's threads (a thread)
Inside: Process knowledge; and more!
Archived at: https://pluralistic.net/2026/04/08/process-knowledge-vs-bosses/
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Process knowledge: We also serve who stand and wash.
https://mamot.fr/@pluralistic/116369402579612342
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Hey look at this
* Greens Could Be ‘Kingmakers’ in Wales as Leader Reveals Power-Sharing Demands https://bylinetimes.com/2026/04/07/greens-wales-elections-senedd-coalition-leader-power-sharing-demands/
* Voter Suppression, Executive Order Style https://prospect.org/2026/04/07/trump-voter-suppression-executive-order-14339-citizenship-post-office/
* “Economic Civil War”: States Push Laws to Shield Oil and Gas Companies From Accountability https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-alec-leonard-leo-lawsuits-fossil-fuel-oil-gas-immunity
* A Retrospective on Bidenomics https://prospect.org/2026/04/07/apr-2026-magazine-retrospective-on-bidenomics/
* Music giant Universal gets $64bn takeover offer https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz0ex432dmyo
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#15yrsago Chicken Little: what do you sell to an immortal, vat-bound quadrillionaire? https://web.archive.org/web/20110408210327/http://www.tor.com/stories/2011/04/chicken-little
#15yrsago Anya’s Ghost: sweet and scary ghost story about identity https://memex.craphound.com/2011/04/06/anyas-ghost-sweet-and-scary-ghost-story-about-identity/
#10yrsago The UK government’s voice-over-IP standard is designed to be backdoored https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1476827/
#5yrsago Ad-tech's algorithmic cruelty https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/06/digital-phrenology/#weaponized-nostalgia
#5yrsago The real cancel culture https://pluralistic.net/2021/04/06/digital-phrenology/#digital-phrenology
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Yesterday's threads: Switzerland's Goldilocks fiber; and more!
https://mamot.fr/@pluralistic/116362435302965624
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My latest novel is "Picks and Shovels," a historical technothriller set in the Weird Era of the PC, about Ponzi schemes, techbros, and the dawn of enshittification:
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250865908/picksandshovels
--
My latest nonfiction book is the internationally bestselling "Enshittification: Why Everything Suddenly Got Worse and What to Do About It," from MCD/Farrar, Straus and Giroux:
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374619329/enshittification/
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My ebooks and audiobooks (from FSGxMCD, Tor Books, Head of Zeus, McSweeneys, Beacon, Verso and others) are for sale all over the net, but I sell 'em too, and when you buy 'em from me, I earn twice as much and you get books with no DRM and no license "agreements."
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Upcoming appearances:
* #Toronto: Humber Polytechnic President's Lecture Series, Apr 8
https://liberalarts.humber.ca/current-students/resources/conferences-and-lectures/presidents-lecture-series.html
* #Montreal: Bronfman Lecture (McGill), Apr 10
https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/artificial-intelligence-the-ultimate-disrupter-tickets-1982706623885
* #Montreal: Drawn and Quarterly, Apr 10
https://mtl.drawnandquarterly.com/events/4863920260410
* #Toronto: DemocracyXchange, Apr 16
https://www.democracyxchange.org/news/cory-doctorow-to-open-dxc26-on-april-16
* #SanFrancisco: 2026 Berkeley Spring Forum on M&A and the Boardroom, Apr 23
https://www.theberkeleyforum.com/#agenda
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Upcoming appearances (cont'd):
* #London: Resisting Big Tech Empires (LSBU), Apr 25
https://www.tickettailor.com/events/globaljusticenow/2042691
* #NYC: Enshittification at Commonweal Ventures, Apr 29
https://luma.com/ssgfvqz8
* #NYC: Techidemic with Sarah Jeong, Tochi Onyibuchi and Alia Dastagir (PEN World Voices), Apr 30
https://worldvoices.pen.org/event/techidemic/
* #Berlin: Re:publica, May 18-20
https://re-publica.com/de/news/rp26-sprecher-cory-doctorow
* #Berlin: Enshittification at Otherland Books, May 19
https://www.otherland-berlin.de/de/event-details/cory-doctorow.html
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Upcoming appearances (cont'd):
* #HayOnWye: HowTheLightGetsIn, May 22-25
https://howthelightgetsin.org/festivals/hay/big-ideas-2
* SXSW #London, Jun 2
https://www.sxswlondon.com/session/how-big-tech-broke-the-internet-b3c4a901
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Recent appearances:
* The internet is getting worse (CBC The National)
https://youtu.be/dCVUCdg3Uqc?si=FMcA0EI_Mi13Lw-P
* Do you feel screwed over by big tech? (Ontario Today)
https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-45-ontario-today/clip/16203024-do-feel-screwed-big-tech
* Launch for Cindy's Cohn's "Privacy's Defender" (City Lights)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuVCm2PUalU
* Chicken Mating Harnesses (This Week in Tech)
https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-tech/episodes/1074
* The Virtual Jewel Box (U Utah)
https://tanner.utah.edu/podcast/enshittification-cory-doctorow-matthew-potolsky/
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Here's today's edition: https://pluralistic.net/2026/04/08/process-knowledge-vs-bosses/
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12/
I'm also on Bluesky. Read today's thread there at:
https://bsky.app/profile/doctorow.pluralistic.net/post/3miyirz3k2k2j
eof/
By Cory Doctorow (GPG 0xBF3D9110957E5F4C) (@doctorow.pluralistic.net)
"Intellectual property" was once an obscure legal backwater. Today, it is *the* dominant area of political economy, the organizing regime for almost all of our tech regulation, and the most valuable - and most controversial - aspect of global trade policy: https://pluralistic.net/2026/04/01/minilateralism/#own-goal 1/
Syntaxxor 🏳️⚧️ 
@pluralistic There's an excellent point at the end here that I never really considered before:
"And of course, the people who value process knowledge the least are the AI bros who think you can replace skilled workers with a chatbot trained on the things they say and write down, as though that somehow captured everything they know."Online posts and chats and documentation and everything else a chatbot might train off of are generally written to explain the output and structure of a thing to someone else. And while that generally means they'll be on the simpler side, easier to digest, it also is usually a very lossy process. I'm most familiar with how it works with programming, but I'm sure it applies to anything technical enough. And by "technical" I mean basically anything which involves process knowledge. So most positions outside the Board and the C-Suite.Explaining how something works rarely gets into the nitty gritty of exactly why each coding decision was made. Yet that's by far the most valuable thing to understand about any given piece of code. Those important conversations of imparting knowledge will happen in far more personal contexts. Usually through word-of-mouth, which means it never gets documented. Because how can it be documented? Even when it's talked about online, in things like those tumblr posts, it often only scratches the surface of the sheer depth of knowledge needed to actually do something.
The best teacher, the only one whose lessons can really be trusted, is experience. And a chatbot that can only be trained by reading existing text will never be able to learn from experience. Thus, it can't really be trusted to actually make correct, informed decisions based on real knowledge of what's needed in a specific context.
</rant>
AethonI agree and think this has always been the case. The process is one thing, the skills and knowledge to apply it can only be learned through experience.
Example- I have some reprints of 19th blacksmithing manuals. And although they might describe the process of welding an axle, or forging a wrench, it always assumes that, as the reader, you know what a welding heat is, about the correct temperature for drawing down, how to make the tools required to make the tool (first forge an eye punch of 1 inch) and so forth.
If you have never got your hands dirty doing the work, whether smithing, working front line support or deep in the code base (something I cannot do but admire), you simply don’t know.
And as you say, from that lack of knowledge comes the ignorance that leads to a misunderstanding of value and need.
j_bertolotti@tempusfelix Just think about all the implied knowledge in any cookbook. Recipes can be compressed to a page or two only because they assume you already know how to do a lot of the stuff they are talking about. If you have no idea how to cook, no amount of cookbooks will ever help you.
@syntaxxor @pluralistic
@syntaxxor @pluralistic
cpm@j_bertolotti
heh
&
those of us whose mild dyslexia neatly transposes tsp & tbs without blinking
& a mind that screams: "oz? weight or volume? help!" and so on.
usually edible results tho, so '>shrug<
Steven Heywood@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Imagine the knowledge-based shopping involved in the list of ingredients.
Imagine the knowledge-based shopping involved in the list of ingredients.
HighlandLawyer@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
There are specific cookbooks for children, which include detailed instructions on how to do all the steps (with photos). The recipes there go on for several pages.
This confirms your point about the implied knowledge in ordinary cookbooks.
Victor@HighlandLawyer @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
I can only imagine today's kid cookbooks are better than what I had as a kid in the 1970s, lol. Still, I love to cook today, and perhaps the mystery of how its done compelled me to learn more...
Phosphenes@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
It's like the Roman concrete mystery. It took us 2,000 years to re-learn to use saltwater. All their recipes just assumed we'd know.
PhilSalkie@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
My half-brothers would never eat tapioca pudding.
That's because our father, at that point in time a single dad, bought a box of tapioca pudding mix. The recipe on the box said "scald 2 cups of milk" - he knew that scald was another word for "burn", so he cooked the milk until it was black, and proceeded with the rest of the recipe (although he did have to add some water to get everything to dissolve.)
Life-long memories of horrid, black pudding...
U.Lancier@PhilSalkie @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic perhaps your brothers should change the preparing from scalding to boiling?
If anything edible is black it should be liquorice.
If anything edible is black it should be liquorice.
@Ulan_KA @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
My father was able to laugh about his mistake later - my brothers (who had to eat the stuff) never thought it was funny
My father was able to laugh about his mistake later - my brothers (who had to eat the stuff) never thought it was funny
@j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Tea is a big thing in the UK. We use tea for all sorts of root examples (consent is like a cup of tea….) but we also used it for learning how to program a computer at college (1980s). The sequence is vital and almost always osmotically observed. I hadn’t thought of cooking as I’ve “always just done it” but you’re correct. Implicit and implied knowledge are almost the core of human information transfer.
Tall Simon@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
I've said for many years that I don't fully understand something until I've taught a computer to do it.
During the tedious process of writing my thesis I suggested to my supervisor that, because I had coded the algorithm and proved it correct within itself, a write up was redundant and only invited error and misunderstanding.
🤔
Amusing, sure, but that didn't fly...
Graydon@j_bertolotti That's the stuff you can in principle write down.
Writing down how bread dough feels when it has been sufficiently kneaded exceeds the capacity of writing.
Bunches of stuff like that exists; texture, mass, and tension are nearly always both important and significantly experiential.
Or you can look at the reproduction of FOGBANK, where something important and thoroughly documented didn't work when following the recipe.
The Penguin of Evil@graydon @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic Bricklaying is another great example. There's a ton of science behind it but actually building a brick wall cannot be learned from a book.
@etchedpixels @graydon @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Another example from the UK recently is sheep shearing. Our government, on one of their no immigrants policies decided that we wouldn’t provide visas for sheep shearers. We have quite a large national flock and nowhere near enough shearers to do the job in the time. Why? It’s hard work, it’s remarkably difficult to learn and it’s very seasonal so you can’t make an income from it. I’ve tried it. You can’t teach it from books, the dance is complex, and you sure as heck can’t teach a computer.
Eventually the government caved and let in the kiwis and Aussies who are world class. But we are going to have the same issue next year cos British jobs for British people. Even if they don’t want to do them.
Nicole Parsons@tempusfelix @etchedpixels @graydon @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
What happens to a society when a job is unpaid, undervalued, and disparaged, yet the government is orchestrating laws to coerce people into doing it?
Things like parenting.
Lots of process knowledge required to raise children successfully, and yet the GOP is defunding prenatal care, school lunches, vaccination programs, public education & health.
Republicans & their war on parenting children to adulthood successfully
Deb Nam-Krane@Npars01 And they *wonder* why so many people are choosing not to have children. @tempusfelix @etchedpixels @graydon @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Edited because apparently I can no longer spell.
Jeff McNeill@Npars01 @pluralistic @tempusfelix @etchedpixels @graydon @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor The conditions in the first 1,000 days of life (0-2.5 years) are incredibly important for the rest of the life of the human.
dperkins@tempusfelix @etchedpixels @graydon @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic Maybe, but you gotta be really careful with that line of thinking. Many businesses want to bring in cheap labor. Is there a shearer shortage? Is there a shearer salary shortage? Those are related but different situations, and one of them is about exploiting workers.
@dperkins "No one knows how to do anything because people who don't know anything except displaying status have been making education system decisions for generations" and "there's a capitalist class who want all the money in a pile so it will love them" are orthogonal problems.
Not unrelated because nothing is unrelated to mistaking money for the love of god once the mammonism becomes the state religion, but distinct.
@tempusfelix @etchedpixels @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
@dperkins "Learn by doing" is distinct from "live by doing"; the second is impossible if there's no way to do the first, but that's not the only reason it's impossible. (as you note! correctly!)
Having the entire notion of teaching collapse into "we can stuff this into words before we stuff the words into a plagiarism machine" breaks "learn by doing" completely. People actively prevent their kids from doing, out of love.
@tempusfelix @etchedpixels @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
mmby@graydon @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
I have another example a solid state physics professor once shared: a semiconductor product stopped working when the producer changed material supplier and got better material
(turns out the impurities were load bearing for the band structure)
@mmby In the "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" Jekyll is unable to reproduce his serum because the new batch of salts lack the impurities that made the first batch work 😉
Space Invader@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
A friend was learning to cook. He read the instructions on o packet of pasta: “Bring a pot of water to boil”
He filled it to the brim!
A relatively harmless lesson, but a perfect example of assumed knowledge. (And yes, he’s much better now)
Steve DeGroof 📚🛸Hey, could've been worse. At least he didn't start off by looking up the boiling point of stainless steel. 😄
@degroof thankfully, he did not own a welding torch!
@spaceinvader @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
This reminds me of the grade school project to write the instructions down for making a peanut butter and jelly sandwhich, followed by a very literal interpretation of those instructions.
I learned to ride horses and I read a lot of books related to it. My friend said I'd never learn to ride from the book. My conclusions after becoming a fairly accomplished horseman, 1) is that the horse (and time on task) is the best teacher, however, the books were what allowed me to expand well beyond anything that I would have discovered myself in my lifetime, 2) there was so much missing from every book though not the same parts, so important to read lots of them from lots of perspectives, 3) and at the beginning, I thought I'd write the book that had all the important pieces in it, but realized that it was impossible and that actually, the books did a pretty good job covering the basis after all.
Robotistry@j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic This is one of the things grade school should be *for* - ensuring adults have basic process knowledge across a range of disciplines. Cooking, woodworking, sewing and mending, visual art, dance, cleaning, music, sculpture, managing one's finances, gardening, household repair and maintenance, metalworking....
(I'm still salty that as a girl, I had to take cooking and sewing and wasn't allowed to take woodworking and metalworking. I eventually learned woodworking, but metalworking seems so *cool*!)
Duck Marshall 🚲@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic When I was in high school at the turn of the millennium, the home economics and shop classes were for both boys and girls, and we genuinely had a good mix in both! Unfortunately, the same school no longer offers any of those classes now, 25 years on. It's heartbreaking! I had learned the basics of sewing and woodworking both at home but the classes at school gave me the theory and then much more scope to experiment with materials.
There was a quote from an old science fiction book about the true skills of a (who)man are to care, build, invent, defend and share but due to the internet being filled with Ai slop, I can’t find it! I agree, school should teach you how to be a functioning human in a supportive society not a consuming cog. And yes, metalwork is very cool. I recommend having a go at blacksmithing. It’s accessible for most and gives you an insight to an old skill! School metal shop was more machining and bending for us.
Chris Hodges@tempusfelix @Robotistry It sounds very Heinlein, but the closest I can find is Lazarus Long in Time Enough for Love https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love
@tempusfelix @Robotistry "A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects."
@HodgesC @tempusfelix Really not at all comfortable with Heinlein. As always, his stuff comes with a heaping side of militaristic "manly man" vibes. (Sometimes I enjoy it, but like E.E. "Doc" Smith's Lensmen, there are times when I just can't take the stereotypes and propaganda.)
For example, he includes "plan an invasion" and "fight efficiently" and "die gallantly" (all of which are most useful in conflict) but leaves out "teach" (which is fundamental in both times of conflict and times of peace).
There is no universe in which I would put "butcher a hog" on a list of generalist skills (in part because there is no universe in which I am strong enough to maneuver something that heavy without hurting myself).
While I did design a backyard shed (which was very satisfying), I like experts to check for things like "sensibly integrated plumbing and heating/cooling" and "have we actually thought through the implications of the design with respect to fire safety and water resistance".
Agree that generalization is good, and process knowledge is essential, but whew, that list is very much not the things that I would choose!
@Robotistry @HodgesC @tempusfelix
Context is important, Heinlein was an ex- Navy officer who lived during the Great Depression and both world wars.
He wrote this in 1973.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love
The necessary skills of today & the future are likely to be very different.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein
Being human means having scope to explore skills beyond what's useful to the Epstein Class
@Robotistry @tempusfelix
I also have issues with Heinlein - but tend towards the view that he's worth reading, occasionally, with your eyes open.
I didn't think that was likely to be the right quote (I still think he wrote a closer list to the one we're looking for), but conceptually the idea of a range of adaptable skills is a fairly common one. Of course it's also in keeping with his libertarian style.
@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
At our school we didn't get to see or do any of the cool stuff in metalworking class, most of which consisted of our filing ingots of steel into roughly luggage-label-shaped pieces with rasps a blacksmith would use for polishing his baby's toenails.
At our school we didn't get to see or do any of the cool stuff in metalworking class, most of which consisted of our filing ingots of steel into roughly luggage-label-shaped pieces with rasps a blacksmith would use for polishing his baby's toenails.
@Stevenheywood @Robotistry @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Heavens. A farriers rasp is hardcore. My favourite file name is a number 1 bastard.
Our metal class was make your own hammer. Lathe work, drills and lots and lots of filing.
markc568@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
My state used to be kind of progressive. When I stated junior high in 1980 (7th grade), everyone had to take all of them! These were all fun!
Woodworking, metalworking, cooking, sewing, drafting.
I think there was one more?
@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
But not just grade school - everything up to grad school!
Or at least most people should revisit most of these things most of the way through their compulsory education.
The really nice thing about having some skills, is that learning related ones becomes easier - with basic woodworking and metalworking, learning enough sewing for repairs and upcycling wasn't hard.
@HodgesC @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic Most of the process knowledge I was thinking of is less about needing regular reinforcement so you'll always be able to do it well and more about achieving "ride a bicycle" levels of not being scared to try it or likely to put yourself in unsafe situations while relearning it.
If you haven't ridden a bike for a couple of decades, that first 5-10 minutes will be *rough*, but it'll come back to you. Same with reading a recipe, using a sewing machine or power tool, drawing.
The stuff you need every day or week or month like budgeting and buying groceries will stay smooth, and you'll have enough background information and residual knowledge to relearn the rest from youtube or wikis or manuals or practice as needed.
@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Given all the courses to help adults to get back on their bikes for commuting, I tend think that riding a bike isn't much like riding a bike. But some form of irregular reinforcement is always helpful. I may have to do some plumbing soon for the first time in a few years, referring to a manual.
Plus, learning new stuff is fun. I started riding a unicycle a few years ago (still not good enough do more than laps of a sports hall)
@Robotistry @j_bertolotti @tempusfelix @syntaxxor @pluralistic
A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.
-Robert A. Heinlein
@Npars01 @Robotistry @j_bertolotti @syntaxxor @pluralistic
Thank you! That’s the one.