Today in Labor History November 3, 1918: The German Revolution of 1918–19 began when 40,000 sailors took over the port in Kiel, in the wake of the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, a few days earlier. In less than two weeks, it brought down the German empire, forcing all the monarchs to abdicate. They created a republic, led by the moderate Social Democrats, who vowed to implement modest reforms, including women’s suffrage and the eight-hour work day. The far-left socialists, however, wanted to create a republic led by workers’ councils. At the end of the year, violence erupted between the two groups over a dispute about sailors’ pay, killing 67. This led to the Communist Spartacist Uprising, led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, and the Bavarian Soviet. The Social Democrats enlisted the Freikorps to help them suppress the uprisings against its authority, resulting in another 200 deaths. The Freikorps was composed of right-wing veterans of World War One, many of whom went on to become members of the Nazi Party.
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