#McKenzieWark: "Ser propietario le permite a alguien tener una casa a la cual llamar hogar, al costo de ser un indigente en el [resto del] mundo".

La mayoría de los espacios no se sienten propios sino ajenos o/y agresivos. La #calle no se siente nuestra, a pesar de ser pública. Sin embargo, es posible imaginar una #ciudad (¡y un mundo entero!) donde las fronteras entre lo público y privado no estén tan marcadas, con espacios comunes donde morar y demorarnos.

#ConstantNieuwenhuys #Situacionismo

McKenzie Wark | Follow the white rabbit

Inspired by the iconic club scenes within The Matrix films, Factory+ Editor in Residence McKenzie Wark asks where do you go free your body?

MIF t/a Factory International

Teknopolitika baterako perspektiba eta ideiak

Teknopolitika, azken batean, boterearen teknologia bat da. Ez tresna bat, ezta zerbitzu bat ere: gizartearen antolamendua, parte-hartzea, kontrola eta askapena eraldatzeko modu bat da. Teknologiak, funtsean, munduaren ulermen eta eraikuntza jakin bat islatzen du: zein balio, zein harreman eta zein helbururekin bideratzen ditugun.

Horregatik, teknopolitikaren muinean dago teknologia, hau ulertzeko eta garatzeko gaitasuna berreskuratzea da teknologia burujabetza. Burujabetzaz hitz egitea ez da soilik tresna alternatiboak erabiltzea; baizik eta egitura, logika eta jabetza kolektiboan oinarritutako teknologia baten alde egitea. Hau da, teknologiaren politizazioa, haren neutrotasun faltsua kolokan jarriz.

Jorge Oteizak esaten zuen espazio hustua ez dela hutsala, baizik eta hutsunearen egitura bat. Antzera, teknologiak ez du neutroa izatea posible: beti dakar bere egitura propioa, bere logika, bere botere-harremanak. Teknologia tresna huts gisa ikusteak ezkutatzen du teknologiak berak nola egituratu duen gure mundu soziala, politikoa eta ekonomikoa.

Guiomar Rovira ikerlariak teknopolitikaren bi ardatz proposatzen ditu ulertzen laguntzeko. Lehena: zentralizatua versus deszentralizatua. Goitik beherakoa ala behetik gorakoa. Erakundeek kontrola indartzeko erabiltzen dute teknologia —zelatatze bidez, adibidez— ala herritarrek eta gizarte-mugimenduek ahalduntzeko, koordinatzeko eta ordenari aurre egiteko erabiltzen dute?

Bigarren ardatza: askatzailea versus determinista. Teknologia norberaren burujabetzara eta ekintza kolektibora bideratua dago, ala interes korporatiboen eta gizarte-kontrolaren zerbitzura?

Gure garaiko erronka nagusienetakoa da teknopolitika determinista, zentralizatua eta korporatiboa gainditzea. Bi ardatz hauek gurutzatzen direnean mapa bat sortzen dute non gure egoera kokatu dezakegun. Eta egoera argia da: gaur egun, teknologiaren ulerkera nagusia kapitalismoaren logikek bahituta dago.

Bektorialismoa: XXI. mendeko klase borroka berria

Teknologiaren ulerkera nola egituratu den ulertzeko, McKenzie Wark-en analisia ezinbestekoa da. marxiar analisi klasikora klase berri bat gehitzen dio: klase bektorialista.

Historikoki lurjabeek lurra kontrolatu dute eta nekazariei errentak kobratu dizkiete; kapitalistek ekoizpen-baliabideak kontrolatu dituzte eta langileei soldatak ordaindu dizkiete, lanaren balio osoaren zati bat bakarrik emanez. Baina XXI. mendean aldaketa kualitatibo bat gertatu da.

Klase bektorialistak ez ditu fabrikak kontrolatzen —hainbat multinazional handik fabrikak deslokalizatu egin dituzte gainera—. Beraien boterea abstrakzioak kontrolatzetik eta informazioa zirkulatzen duten bektoreak kontrolatzetik dator. Zer dira bektore hauek? Google-k bilatzailearen algoritmoa. Amazon-ek logistikaren sistema. Meta-k sare sozialaren konexioak. Uber-rek garraio plataforma. Ezinbesteko bitartekari bihurtu dute beren burua (edo paper hori eman diegu), haiek gabe ez duzu produktu edo zerbitzu askotarako sarbiderik.

Wark-en arabera gizartearen gehiengoak informazio berria sortzen du —hacker klasea, zentzurik zabalenean: programatzaileak, ikertzaileak, eduki-sortzaileak, baita erabiltzaile arruntak ere datu-sortzaile gisa—. Baina klase bektorialistak jabetzen da informazio horren balioaren erauzketa-gaitasunaz. Patenteak eta copyrightak ez dira sortzaileengan geratzen, baizik eta bektoreak kontrolatzen dituzten korporazioetan.

Adibide bat: guk guztiok sortzen dugu eduki digitala —argazkiak, testuak, bideoak, iruzkinak—. Baina nor ari da aberasten datu horiekin? Haiek kontrolatzen dute bektorea, zirkulazio-moduak. Guk informazioa ematen dugu doan, eta haiek bihurtzen dute merkantzia salgarri.

Hacker lemak zioen “informazioak askatasuna nahi du”. Informazioa kopiatzea ia doakoa da, ez du eskasia naturalik. Baina klase bektorialistak jabetza pribatuaren araudiaren bidez urritasun artifiziala sortzen du. Eta horrela lortu egiten du informazioa ondasun komun izateari uztea eta merkantzia espekulatibo bihurtzea.

Hau da, bizi dugun teknopolitika determinista eta zentralizatuaren egitura: informazioa merkantzia bihurtzea eta horien zirkulazio-bideak monopolizatzea. Horren aurrean, badugu zer eraiki teknologia eredu burujabeagoak izan nahi baditugu.

Kosmoteknia eta Tequiologia: Teknologiaren ulerkera dekolonizatu

Teknologia burujabetza ez da soilik tresna alternatiboak edukitzea. Lehen pausoa da teknologiaren ulerkera propioa berreskuratzea. Yuk Hui filosofo txinatarraren kosmoteknia kontzeptua proposatzen digu horretarako.º

Hui-k defendatzen du teknologia ez dela unibertsala ezta neutroa ere. Kultura bakoitzak bere teknologiak garatzen ditu bere ikuspegi edo kosmobisio balioetan oinarrituta. Adibidez, txinatar kosmoteknia harmonia eta zikloen filosofian oinarritzen da. Mendebaldeko modernitate industriala, berriz, teknologia dominazio eta kontrol tresna gisa ulertu du: natura menderatzeko, denbora optimizatzeko, eraginkortasuna maximizatzeko.

Ez dago “teknologia” abstraktua, unibertsal eta ahistorikorik. Gaur egun munduan nagusi den teknologiaren ulerkera —kapitalismoaren logikan bahitutakoa— ez da teknologia ulertzeko modu “naturala” edo bakarra. Mendebaldeko modernitatearen produktu historikoa da.

Yasnaya Elena Aguilar Gil-ek, Mixe herritik, perspektiba hau areagotzen du tequiologia kontzeptua proposatuz. Tequio Mexikoko jatorrizko komunitateetan ohikoa den lan kolektibo eta solidarioan oinarritzen da —gure euskal auzolanaren parekoa—.

Aguilar Gil-ek kritika zorrotza egiten dio mendebaldeko teknologiaren ulerkerari: kapitalistak bahitu du, berrikuntza eta sormen teknologikoa kapitalaren metaketaren zerbitzura jarrita. Ondorioz, teknologia kontsumitzeko ondasun bihurtu da. Software pribatiboarekin gertatzen den bezala: ezagutza metatuz sortutako tresna horiek erabiltzeko ordaindu beharra dugu.

Tequiologia-k, berriz, teknologiaren ulerkera bestelakoa proposatzen du: komunitate-loturak eta autonomia indartzen dituzten teknologiak, non ongizate komuna onura indibidualaren gainetik lehenesten den. Teknologia ez da kontsumitzeko, baizik eta elkarrekin eraikitzeko eta partekatutako beharrak asetzeko.

Teknologia ulertzeko modu honek esan nahi du software librea, datu irekiak, ezagutza partekatua ez direla utopia abstraktuak, baizik eta teknologiaren ulerkera ezberdin baten ondorio koherenteak. Hau da komunitateen autonomia teknologikoa eraikitzeko oinarria.

Cyberfeminismoa: Teknologia “feminizatua”?

Sadie Plant-ek, cyberfeminismoaren aitzindarietako batek, teknologia eta generoaren arteko harremana beste ikuspegi batetik aztertzen du. 1990eko hamarkadan, Plant-ek tesi ausarta defendatu zuen: teknologia eta emakumeak antzeko ezaugarri funtzionalak dituzte historikoki.

Biak izan dira objektuak patriarkatuarentzat. Plant-ek dioena da teknologia digitalak —sareak, sistema konplexuak— ezaugarri “femeninotzat” hartzen direnak erakusten dituela: ez lineala, konexionala, autoantolakuntza, fluidoa, heterogeneoa. Hauek dira historikoki “arrazoimenaren” —lineala, hierarkikoa, logiko, bakuna— aurkakoak bezala definitu izan diren ezaugarriak.

Baina Plant-en cyberfeminismoa ez da sinplea. Plant-en proposamena post-humanista da. Berak bilatzen duena patriarkatuak bahitutako egitura guztien askatzea da: irrazionaltasuna, identitate fluidoak, adimen orokorra, konexioak, sare-pentsaera. Teknologia berriak —sareak, algoritmo autoadaptatiboak— esparru bat sortzen ari direla uste du non gizakiok geure antropozentrismo eta falogozentrismoaz harago joan dezakegun.

Cyberfeminismoa ez da emakumeek teknologia gehiago erabiltzea soilik, ezta teknologia-sektorean emakume gehiago egotea ere. Cyberfeminismoa teknologiak patriarkatuaren logikak ez dituela zertan erreproduzitu behar ulertzean datza.

Ada Lovelace, lehen programatzailea, emakumea zen. Telarea, teknologia konplexua, emakumeen lana izan dena milaka urtez. Konputazio-sistemak, konexioak, zikloak… “emakume lantzat” hartzen diren ezagugarriak dira historikoki. Plant-ek galdera egin nahi digu: zer gertatuko litzateke teknologia patriarkatuaren kontrol narratibotik libratuz gero?

Ondorioak

Teknologiari buruz nola pentsatzen dugun erabakitzen du zer erabilera egin daitezkeen eta nori mesede egiten dioten teknologia horien erabilerak. Beraz, teknologiaren ulerkeraren burujabetza lortu behar dugu teknologia-tresnen burujabetza lortu aurretik.

Hiru ondorio nagusi:

Bat: Klase bektorialistaren kontrako borroka ez da teknologia gehiago edo gutxiago erabiltzea. Informazioaren zirkulazioa kontrolatzen duenak erabakitzen du nork kontrolatzen duen gure etorkizuna. Informazioa nola mugitzen den, zein bektoreetan zirkulatzen duen, zeinek kontrolatzen dituen bektore horiek guztiak… Horiek dira XXI. mendeko botere-gatazkaren zentroak.

Bi: Kosmoteknia eta tequiologia kontzeptuek teknologiaren ulerkera deskolonizatzeko bidea ematen digute. Teknologia ulertzeko modu alternatiboak existitzen direla eta legitimoak direla alegia. Gure balioetan —kooperatibismoa, auzolana, komunitarismoa, hizkuntza— oinarritutako teknologiak eraikitzea posible da eta beharrezkoa. Ez dugu teknologia kontsumitu soilik behar, teknologia sortu ere bai, baina geure logiketan.

Hiru: Cyberfeminismoak ohartarazten gaitu teknologiak patriarkatuaren logikak ez dituela zertan erreproduzitu behar. Hierarkia, linealtasuna, kontrola… hauek ez lukete teknologia ulertzeko modu bakarraren ezaugarriak izan behar. Sareak, konexioak, fluidotasuna, autoantolatzeko gaitasuna… hauek ere badira teknologia ulertzeko moduak.

Teknopolitika baterako, ezinbestekoa da komunitateen autonomia teknologikoa eta politikoa artikulatzea. Burujabetza teknologikoa ez da etorkizuneko aukera, egungo erronka da.

Burujabetza digitala ez da soilik geure zerbitzariak, geure software edo geure plataformak izatea. Burujabetza digitala da teknologiaren ulerkera propioa izatea, geure beharretara, balioetara eta asmo emantzipatzaileetara egokitutakoa. Teknologia ez da helmuga, bidea da. Eta bidean zehar nola ibiltzea erabakitzeko gaitasuna, hori da burujabetza.

Emergentsovereignties – Nazionalismoa ikertuz V. Nazioarteko kongresuan eginiko ponentzia

#guiomarRovira #jorgeOteiza #mckenzieWark #sadiePlant #teknologia #teknologiaBurujabetza #teknopolitika #yasnayaElenaAguilar #yukHui

https://etzi.pm/teknopolitika-baterako-perspektiba-eta-ideiak/

Trans people are not the only ones who dissociate—but we tend to be good at it. We’re a kind of people who need to not be in body or world. The body feels wrong. The world treats us as wrong. Dissociation can be debilitating. And also sometimes not. I used to write a lot, in dissociated states. Then I transitioned, and couldn’t write at all. And yet still needed to dissociate. I felt better about being embodied, but the world didn’t. So—raves. And out of raves, the writing came back, slowly.
I want to recover at least some kinds of dissociation from the language of psychiatrists. I want to find ways this disability can also be enabling. A way to find out things about the world. So now I have two dissociated practices that I need to live: raving and writing. Raving got the writing going again. It’s a challenge to bring them together. It’s taking patience, and practice.

Wark, M. (2023) Raving, Durham, London, Duke University Press.

#transgender #trans #theory #raving #McKenzieWark

Is there a middle ground between bourgeois theory and avant-garde theory?

There’s a blistering critique in Gary Hall’s Masked Media of what he terms, drawing on McKenzie Wark’s account of the novel, bourgeois theory. As he puts it on pg 185, bourgeois theory is rendered unserious and slightly ridiculous by being stuck in antiquated modes which leave it unable to address new conditions. To the extent it tries to address these conditions, it does so in a deeply superficial way:

Bourgeois theory clearly ‘isn’t working’, then. The nonhuman, anthropogenic climate breakdown, ecocide, the Anthropocene: all exceed what the form of proper theory can currently express. Like the novel, theory has not adapted to the new reality ushered in by the Anthropocene, including all those laws and legal decisions that are starting to pile up around the question of the rights of nature. (For sure, the last thing bourgeois legacy theorists want is for any of this to actually impact on their own ways of performing as great authors.) Instead, theory ‘imposes itself on a nature it cannot really perceive or value’ (Wark 2017d). Just as ‘serious fiction, like bourgeois culture, now seems rather unserious, indeed frivolous’, so too does serious theory (2017d). The nonhuman may be what a lot of contemporary theory studies and writes about, but it cannot take seriously the implications of the nonhuman for theory. As a result, the current landfill of theoretical literature on the Anthropocene is merely a form of bourgeois liberal humanism smeared with nonhuman filler – objects, materials, technologies, animals, insects, plants, fungi, compost, viruses, microbes, stones, geological formations – to make it appear otherwise.

He frames a concern with biography as quintessentially bourgeois but a reflexivity in regards to practice as anti-bourgeois. The problem I see is that this draws the boundary of what constitutes anti-bourgeois theory so restrictively that I’m not sure who, other than Gary Hall some of the time, actually falls within it. It’s a combination of impacting upon actual practice, one’s own and that of others, but furthermore doing so in a conceptual mode predicated upon the evacuation of the inherited conceptual legacies which inevitably litter thought and speech. From pg 143-144

The performance of serious theory today is therefore as formally limited to bourgeois liberal humanism as the novel. (As Wark says in her earlier text on Moretti and the bourgeois novel: ‘It is about making something of this world, not transcending it in favor of another’. When it comes to the ‘bourgeois sensibility’ there is no adventuring into the unknown, ‘no spontaneous bravery’, ‘“few surprises”’. It might be ‘hard work’, being a bourgeois writer or theorist, then, ‘but it’s a steady job’ [2013].)79 This means that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, for even the most radical of political theories to do anything other than exclude the diversity of human and nonhuman presences. To sample and remix Wark’s text on the novel in the Anthropocene in order to further undercut notions of the author as self-identical human individual: anything that would actually impact on the concealment of theory’s established scaffolding, how it is created, disseminated and monetised, is regarded as not proper, eccentric, odd and risks banishment. ‘But from what? Polite bourgeois society?’ (2017d). The for-profit world of Verso books and Routledge journals where proper theory is to be found?

My love/hate relationship with Gary Hall’s work comes, I think, from sharing aspects of his critique of bourgeois theory but finding avant-garde theorising even more off putting. Firstly, it imagines itself as standing outside of the circuits of (academic) accumulation whereas the valorisation of conceptual and linguistic novelty is a primary strategy to accumulate status and prestige within significant parts of the academy. Secondly, it takes what can sometimes feel like a sneering stance towards accepting the doxa of the field, misconstruing a necessary condition of working within a social field as a failure of cultural imagination. It’s another variation of the ‘sociology as a calling’ / ‘scholarship as a vocation’ tendency which I’ve come to see as deeply psychically pernicious, postulating a sphere of autonomous enjoyment (good thing) which I suspect for many people is functionally a disavowal of the conditions of their own labour (bad thing). Thirdly, it hinders the emergence of a middle ground between these two categories by predicating the cultivation of scholarly reflexivity under changing sociotechnical conditions (i.e. the project which animates my educational work) upon a particular style of conceptualising those conditions.

It bundles together two moves which I don’t think are necessarily connected and I suspect are probably antithetical to each other. It’s a heavily aestheticised mode of concept-work geared towards the hyperactive (and implicitly) competitive production of linguistic and conceptual novelty. Whereas if we see it as desirable that we do work which, to use Hall’s work, would “actually impact on the concealment of theory’s established scaffolding, how it is created, disseminated and monetised” this raises the question of the relationship between theory and this outcome. I’m persuaded enough by Jana Bacevic’s core thesis (see also) that it seems obvious theory does not and could not automatically produce this outcome. Hence the question of the relationship, as well as our meta-theoretical, methodological and reflexive relationship to that relationship, which are exactly the things I think Hall’s approach unintentionally obfuscates alongside what can at other points be examples of remarkable lucidity.

I admire Hall’s real impact through the many initiatives he’s played a leading role in but I struggle to see how his theoretical approach helps those undertakings and suspect it might actually hinder them. There are modes of theorising between the bourgeois and the avant-garde which, it seems to me, could more directly serve these purposes.

(Plus when a billion people worldwide are regularly using the most sophisticated machinery for conceptual and linguistic novelty that has ever existed, the quality of that novelty becomes even more important than it has been previously)

#avantGardeTheorising #bourgeoisTheory #mckenzieWark #RosiBraidotti #theorising #theory

Open Humanities Press– Masked Media

A scholar led open access publishing collective

"The old culture industries at least had to make products that held our attention. In the postbroadcast era, the culture industries are superseded by the vulture industries. They don't even bother to provide any entertainment. We have to entertain each other, while they collect the rent, and they collect it on all social media time, public or private, work or leisure, and (if you keep your FitBit on) even when you sleep."

#MckenzieWark, Capital is Dead, 2019

#culture #media #SocialMedia

The Scapegoating of Trans People in Trump’s America by
McKenzie Wark

"Nobody really knows how many trans people there are, but estimates suggest less than one percent of the US population. A one percent that is mostly powerless and broke, if not outright homeless. Given this statistic, there is no rational explanation for why national political life should give a damn about us at all."

https://www.frieze.com/article/scapegoating-trans-people-trumps-america

#mckenziewark #transgender

The Scapegoating of Trans People in Trump’s America

How social media promotes a cycle of admiration and resentment in an influencer-driven world – and why the transgender community is at the centre of its violence

I keep reading McKenzie Wark's "Capital is Dead". As i mentioned, her hypothesis is that we are now in a new mode of production, centered on asymmetries of power in relation to information, that is different from capitalism. She sketches an analysis of the new production forces, relations of production, classes and class antagonisms. It is very suggestive indeed. I would say it lacks a developed and convincing theory of value, and value extraction by the new "vectoralist" class, to make the book become a more powerful tool. I wonder whether something as simple as Marx's surplus value theory could be developed. Or maybe there are multiple forms of value extraction and not such a simple model can be devised. Difficult field studies to be made: Google, Amazon, OpenAI and so on. That's what Engels made in part for Marx. A clear value extraction model obviously would help strategic resistance... I guess there's also a strong fictitious part of value, too --- in stocks... Doubts and questions... and ignorance :-)
Too bad McKenzie isn't here!
@motorhueso
#books #McKenzieWark

Taking notes of McKenzie Wark's "Capital is Dead" --- on the new hegemonic class that would be now on top of traditional capitalists:
"The vectoralist class owns and controls "the vector" [I believe the concept is related to Bratton's Stack p. 10; also to Virilio and H. Innis, note 20], a concept I use to describe in the abstract the infrastructure on which information is routed, whether through time or space. A vector in geometry is simply a line of fixed length but of unfixed position [hm]. It is a way of thinking about technology as having something about it that shapes the world in a particular way, but which can shape different aspects of the world. You can own stocks or flows of information, but far better to own the vector, the legal and technical protocols for making otherwise abundant information scarce." P. 45

"The vector of information includes the capacity to transmit, store, and process information. It is the material means for assembling socalled "big data" and realizing its predictive potential. The vectoralist class owns and controls patents, which preserve monopolies on these technologies. It owns the brands and celebrities that galvanize attention. It owns the logistics and supply chains that keep information in its proprietary stacks." P. 13

#McKenzieWark #postCapital

McKenzie Wark on "low theory":
"What if we asked of theory as a genre that it be as interesting, as strange, as poetically or narratively rich as we ask our other kinds of literature to be? What if we treated it not as "high theory", with pretensions to legislate or interpret other genres, but as "low theory", as something vulgar, common, even a bit rude --- having no greater or lesser claim to speak about the world than any other? It might be more fun to read. It might tell us something strange about the world. It might, just might, enable us to act in the world otherwise..."
In: Capital is Dead, p. 52
#McKenzieWark #books