Today in Labor History April 18, 1912: The governor of West Virginia called out the National Guard against striking coal miners. As a result, fifty people were killed. His action marked the beginning of the West Virginia Mine Wars, initiating one of the most violent strikes in the nation's history. Because of their isolation and geography, the West Virginia mine owners were able to dominate the miners more than almost any other employer in the nation. They hired gun thugs from the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, who routinely murdered miners and evicted their families from the company towns. On April 18, thousands of miners went on strike in Paint Creek, Cabin Creek and in surrounding counties. Many were armed with hunting rifles to defend themselves against the company thugs. Mother Jones and Socialist Party members came to support the miners.

The struggle that began today in 1912 continued for decades and included the Battle of Matewan and the Battle of Blair Mountain, the largest armed insurrection since the Civil War, and the largest labor uprising in U.S. history. 10,000-15,000 coal miners battled 3,000 cops, private cops and vigilantes, who were backed by the coal bosses. Up to 100 miners died in the fighting, along with 10-30 Baldwin-Felts detectives and three national guards. Nearly 1,000 people were arrested. One million rounds were fired. And the government bombed striking coal miners by air, using homemade bombs and poison gas left over from World War I. This was the second time the government had used planes to bomb its own citizens within the U.S. (the first was against African American during the Tulsa pogrom, earlier that same year).

You can read my longer article on the West Virginia Mine Wars and the Battle of Blair Mountain here: https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/14/the-battle-of-blair-mountain/

#workingclass #LaborHistory #motherjones #coal #mining #strike #union #socialism #murder #police #nationalguards #massacre #bombing #matewan #blairmountain #insurrection #civilwar

Today in Labor History February 7, 1913: A county sheriff and his deputies on the “Bull Moose Special” (an armored train fitted with machine guns), attacked a miners’ tent colony at Holly Grove, in West Virginia. This was during the Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike (4/18/1912 through July 1913). Mother Jones was one of the main organizers. Over 50 people died during the violent confrontations with scabs, goons and private detectives. Countless more died from starvation and malnutrition. In terms of casualties, it was one of the worst strikes in U.S. history. It was a prelude to the bigger and even more violent Battle of Matewan, and the Battle of Blair Mountain (Aug-Sep, 1921). The latter was the largest labor uprising in U.S. history, and the largest armed insurrection since the Civil War. 10,000 minors battled 3,000 lawmen and scabs, and only ended with the U.S. army intervened. Up to 100 people died. And during the battle, bombs were dropped on the striking miners by airplane, the 2nd time in U.S. history that had been done. (The first was just months earlier, during the Tulsa Race Massacre).

Read my full article on the Battle of Blair Mountain, and the history leading up to it, here: https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/14/the-battle-of-blair-mountain/

#workingclass #LaborHistory #motherjones #coal #mining #massacre #bombing #matewan #westvirginia #machineguns #scabs #strike #police #army #insurrection #civilwar

On my list of places I want to visit: the West Virginia Mine Wars Museum.

#WV #Union #USHistory #Matewan

https://wvminewars.org/

Today in Labor History November 1, 1919: Over 400,000 miners across the country went on strike. The strike took place in the wake of World War I, and the ongoing Red Scare, in which the authorities were rounding up, imprisoning and deporting thousands of suspected communists, anarchists and radicals. There was also a major steel strike already under way. The mine owners accused the miners of Bolshevism and claimed they were being funded by Lenin and Trotsky. Ultimately, the strike succeeded in winning wage gains for hundreds of thousands of unionized miners. However, conditions for nonunion miners continued to deteriorate, leading to another strike, the following year, in West Virginia. In this strike, the mine owners used private cops to terrorize and murder striking miners, leading to the Matewan Massacre (1920), and the Battle of Blair Mountain (1921), the largest armed insurrection since the Civil War, and the largest labor uprising in U.S. history. Miners also struck in July, 1919, to protest the imprisonment of IWW labor activist Tom Mooney, wrongly convicted for the San Francisco Preparedness Day Parade bombing, and for higher wages to keep up with the post-war inflation. This time, their own union opposed the strike, leading to wild cat actions across the country. Insurgent miners took over the United Mine Workers (UMW) convention in Cleveland, even though union officials tried to exclude rebellious locals. The UMW was so concerned with suppressing wildcat strikes and dissension among their ranks that they even supplied scabs to help mine owners put down the wildcat strikes.

Read my article about about the Matewan Massacre and the Battle of Blair Mountain here: https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/14/the-battle-of-blair-mountain/

Read my article about Tom Mooney here: https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/05/19/tom-mooney-and-warren-billings/

#workingclass #LaborHistory #mining #coal #union #strike #umw #matewan #massacre #communism #anarchism #prison #deportation #redscare #scab