"Great knowledge is universal. Small knowledge is limited. Great words are inspiring. Small words are chatter."
~ Zhuangzi
#quote #quoteoftheday #Zhuangzi #knowledge #inspiration #words
Finished reading this on the train today, and it's a fun and interesting book. I have a soft spot for Zhuangzi's happy fish, and so this was up my street. It's also open access, putting the "free" into "free and easy wandering" (逍遙遊)
https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111568171/html
This book introduces some central ideas and themes in ancient Chinese philosophy through a detailed analysis of one famous passage – the happy fish dialogue – in the Zhuangzi , one of the two founding texts of Daoism. The Zhuangzi is the most exhilarating and intellectually challenging of all the texts of ancient Chinese literature, and appreciating its spirit is as important as understanding its ideas. Methodologically, this book shows how we can approach Chinese philosophy analytically, an approach that is needed if Chinese philosophy is to be recognized in Western (analytic) philosophy today. At the same time, it seeks to broaden our conceptions and practices of analysis and our methods and styles of philosophizing in learning from Chinese philosophy. Throughout the book the emphasis is on engaging the reader in thinking through the issues for themselves.
Taoist Canon
This is also known as Daozang. It’s the largest canon of Taoist writings. It’s 1 of the most massive & complex religious compilations in human history. It has roughly 1,500 texts. It was first embodied by the Daodejing, Zhuangzi, & Liezi.
The canon was assembled by monds circa 400 CE in an attempt to bring together these disparate yet consonant teachings. This anthology consisted of 3 divisions (grottoes) based on what was seen at that time in Southern China as Taoism’s primary focus: meditation, ritual, & exorcism. These grottoes were ranked by skill level (exorcism is the lowest, meditation the highest) & used for the initiation of Taoist masters.
In addition to the 3 Grottoes, there were the “Four Supplements” that were added to the canon circa 500 CE. 3 were primarily sourced from the older core texts, with the other from a separate, established philosophical tradition known as Tianshi Dao.
Originally the Three Caverns & Four Supplements represented 3 distinct lineages of Daoism that emerged in Southern China.
The Three Caverns:
The Cavern of Authenticity (Dongzhen):
Contains texts of the Shangqing (Supreme Purity) tradition. This was considered the highest level of initiation, focusing on internal visualization, meditation, & “celestial travel.” (Think astral projection.)
The Cavern of Mystery (Dongxuan):
Contains texts of the Lingbao (Sacred Treasure) tradition. This tradition focused on communal rituals, liturgy, & the salvation of the dead.
The Cavern of Divinity (Dongshen):
Contains texts of the Sanhuang (Three Sovereigns) tradition. This was the lowest level, focusing on practical exorcisms, talismans, & warding off spirits.
Each of the 3 Grottoes contains the following 12 chapters:
The Four Supplements:
As newer movements & the original “classical” texts needed to be integrated, 4 supplementary sections were added.
Great Mystery (Taixuan):
Centered on the Daodejing.
Great Peace (Taiping):
Based on the Taiping Jing (Scripture of Great Peace).
Great Purity (Taiqing):
Focused on Waidan (External Alchemy), such as the creation of elixirs.
Orthodox One (Zhengyi):
Dedicated to the Celestial Masters, the oldest organized Daoist movement.
As with most religious texts, the history of the Daozang is a story of imperial patronage & periodic destruction.
The 1st Catalog (471 CE): The scholar Lu Xiujing compiled the 1st comprehensive catalog of Daoist scriptures. He was the 1st to formalize the “Three Caverns” structure, effectively creating a unified Daoist identity to compete with the rising influence of Buddhism.
The Tang “Golden Age” (748 CE): Emperor Xuanzong (who claimed to be a descendant of Laozi) ordered the 1st official “Canon of the Kaiyuan Era.” Copies were distributed to state-sponsored abbeys across China.
The Song & the 1st Painting (1111-1118 CE): Under Emperor Huizong (a “Daoist Emperor”), the canon was 1st carved into woodblocks for painting. This allowed for wider distribution but also made it a target during wars.
The Mongol Destruction: During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol rulers favored Buddhism. After a series of debates between Daoists & Buddhists, the Mongols ordered the burning of the Daoist Canon in 1281. Only the Daodejing was officially spared.
The Ming Canon (1445 CE): The version we use today is the Zhengtong Daozang, compiled during the Ming Dynasty. It survived because it was safely housed in the White Cloud Temple (Baiyun Guan) in Beijing. While other copies were destroyed during the 1900 Boxer Rebellion & subsequent wars.
The Daozang is essentially an “encyclopedia of Chinese culture.” Because Daoism was so deeply integrated into every level of society, the canon records nowhere else:
If you’re interested in looking at the texts yourself, the Zhonghua Daozang (2003) is a modern, punctuated edition that’s MUCH easier to read than the original Ming woodblock prints. Many of these are now being digitized by projects at the Chinese University of Hong Kong & several American research libraries.
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#1111CE #1118CE #1281 #1445CE #1900 #471CE #748CE #Abbeys #alchemy #BaiyunGuan #Beijing #Benwen #Biaozou #BoxerRebellion #Buddhism #CanonOfTheKaiyuanEra #CavernOfAuthenticity #CavernOfDivinity #CavernOfMystery #CelestialMasters #ChineseUniversityOfHongKong #Circa400CE #Circa500CE #Confucian #Daodejing #Daoism #DaoistMovement #Daozang #Dongshen #Dongxuan #Dongzhen #Elixirs #EmperorHuizong #EmperorXuanzong #Exorcism #ExternalAlchemy #Fangfa #FourSupplements #GreatMystery #GreatPeace #GreatPurity #Grottoes #Jielu #Jizhuan #Laozi #Liezi #Lingbao #LingbaoTradition #LuXiujing #Meditation #MingDynasty #Mongols #OrthodoxOne #Pulu #Qigong #Ritual #SacredTreasure #Sanhuang #SanhuangTradition #ScriptureOfGreatPeace #Shangqing #ShangqingTradition #Shenfu #SouthernChina #SupremePurity #Taiping #TaipingJing #Taiqing #Taixuan #Talismans #Taoism #Taoist #TaoistMasters #TCM #ThreeCaverns #ThreeGrottoes #ThreeSovereigns #TianshiDao #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Waidan #WhiteCloudTemple #YuanDynasty #Yujue #Zansong #ZhengtongDaozang #Zhengyi #Zhongshu #Zhuangzi
@futurebird @Anke @va2lam @bucknam
So lovely.
Sewing is an alien art for me, I envy you. I won't start now, but I see this as a wonderful Taoist case study!
Let the material decide how it wants to be treated. The knot is my external will, clumsily imposed on the thread; the friction loop is the inner nature of the thread, gracefully doing what it does, skillfully aligned with my needs.
I love the drawing too!
Lo Zhuang Zi è uno dei grandi testi classici cinesi base del Taoismo, la «via» per l'equilibrio e l'armonia. Un libro che ha lo stesso titolo del nome del filosofo cinese del IV secolo che lo avrebbe scritto. Un libro affascinante da leggere all'infinito, fatto di storie folgoranti, surreali e sempre suggestive. Sicuramente un antidoto ai dogmi e alle certezze grazie ai tanti insegnamenti che suggersice: dall'elogio dell'inutile, all'abbandono del proprio ego fino alla certezza di non avere certezze, al ribaltamento di ciò che appare reale fino all'affermazione che il tutto che è in tutto e viceversa. «Uno dei testi fondamentali dell'umanità» afferma da sempre il fisico e scrittore Carlo Rovelli. Il cui ultimo libro si intitola proprio «Sull'uguaglianza di tutte le cose», ovvero l'esatto titolo del secondo capitolo dello Zhuang Zi. Da qui nasce la videointervista al sinolgo, saggista e regista Carlo Laurenti che a fine degli anni '70 tradusse lo Zhuang Zi per i tipi di Adelphi (prima edizione 1982, recentemente ripubblicato). Qua la riflessione di Laurenti sulla lezione del «maestro Zhuang» e sulla sua attualità.
Peter Adamson
formuchdeliberation
Will Buckingham | 白忠修
Spirituality & Religious Studies
the roamer
Valter Vico