Przełomowe odkrycie na Marsie. Łazik Perseverance odnalazł podziemny system rzeczny

Czerwona Planeta po raz kolejny zmusza naukowców do przepisania podręczników.

Zespół badawczy z Uniwersytetu Kalifornijskiego w Los Angeles (UCLA) opublikował wyniki najnowszych skanów wykonanych przez łazik Perseverance. Głęboko pod powierzchnią krateru Jezero odkryto ogromny, starożytny system rzeczny. To twardy dowód na to, że woda płynęła na Marsie znacznie dłużej, niż dotychczas sądziliśmy.

Najnowsze badania, opublikowane właśnie w prestiżowym czasopiśmie naukowym „Science Advances”, to efekt wielomiesięcznej i żmudnej pracy. Pomiędzy wrześniem 2023 a lutym 2024 roku należący do NASA łazik Perseverance pokonał ponad sześciokilometrową trasę, nieustannie skanując marsjański grunt.

Georadar zagląda pod powierzchnię

Kluczowym instrumentem, który pozwolił na to przełomowe odkrycie, był RIMFAX – zaawansowany georadar zainstalowany na pokładzie mobilnego laboratorium. Urządzenie to potrafi penetrować strukturę geologiczną planety na głębokość sięgającą 35 metrów.

Po złożeniu setek odczytów w spójny, trójwymiarowy model badacze dostrzegli struktury, które nie pozostawiają żadnych wątpliwości. Głęboko pod geologiczną formacją zwaną Margin, w obrębie krateru Jezero, zidentyfikowano sieć kanałów i osadów ukształtowanych jednoznacznie przez płynącą wodę.

Szersze okno na życie

Odkrycie to rewolucjonizuje nasze ramy czasowe dotyczące historii Czerwonej Planety. Naukowcy szacują, że nowo zidentyfikowany, podziemny system rzeczny uformował się od 3,7 do 4,2 miliarda lat temu. Oznacza to, że jest on znacznie starszy niż zbadana już wcześniej, wyschnięta delta widoczna na samej powierzchni krateru.

Jak podkreśla kierująca zespołem badawczym geomikrobiolożka Emily Cardarelli, dane z radaru RIMFAX wskazują na znacznie dłuższy okres sprzyjający potencjalnemu powstaniu życia, niż zakładały to wcześniejsze modele. Płynąca przez miliony lat woda tworzyła stabilne, przyjazne środowisko. Jeśli więc na Marsie kiedykolwiek wyewoluowało życie – choćby w najprostszej, mikrobiologicznej formie – to właśnie zyskało znacznie więcej czasu na swój rozwój.

To odkrycie to potężny zastrzyk wiedzy dla astrobiologów oraz twardy dowód na to, że prawdziwe sekrety Marsa nie leżą na jego powierzchni, ale czekają ukryte w głębokich warstwach geologicznych.

Kosmiczny przełom. Ludzkość po raz pierwszy w historii zmieniła orbitę asteroidy wokół Słońca

#badaniaKosmosu #EmilyCardarelli #kraterJezero #łazikPerseverance #Mars #NASA #odkryciaKosmiczne #radarRIMFAX #ScienceAdvances #wodaNaMarsie #życieNaMarsie

Agi: Su Marte tracce di antichi fiumi di 4 miliardi di anni

AGI - Tracce di un antico sistema fluviale su Marte, risalente fino a 4,2 miliardi di anni fa, confermano che il pianeta rosso aveva un passato ricco di acqua e potenzialmente abitabile. È quanto emerge da uno studio guidato da Emily Cardarelli dell'University of California Los Angeles, insieme a David Paige e Svein-Erik Hamran, pubblicato su Science Advances, basato sui dati del rover Perseverance. Analizzando il sottosuolo del cratere Jezero tramite radar a penetrazione del suolo, i ricercatori hanno identificato strutture sedimentarie compatibili con antichi fiumi e delta.
Gli studi
I dati, raccolti fino a oltre 35 metri di profondità - un livello senza precedenti per la missione - mostrano chiaramente depositi associati a sistemi fluviali complessi. Le firme radar indicano la presenza di strutture riconducibili a fiumi meandriformi, sistemi intrecciati o ventagli alluvionali, suggerendo un ambiente dinamico e ricco d'acqua nel passato marziano.
L'area analizzata, nota come "Margin unit", è ricca di carbonati di magnesio, minerali che si formano in presenza di acqua e che possono conservare tracce chimiche di ambienti abitabili. Questa regione si trova vicino a un antico ingresso fluviale del cratere Jezero, già noto per ospitare delta e paleolaghi. I risultati indicano che l'ambiente deltizio potrebbe essersi formato già durante l'epoca Noachiana, tra 4,2 e 3,7 miliardi di anni fa, anticipando la formazione del cosiddetto Western Delta. Secondo gli autori, queste evidenze rafforzano l'ipotesi che Marte abbia ospitato condizioni favorevoli alla vita nel suo passato remoto.
Implicazioni per la ricerca di biosignature
"Questi risultati potrebbero avere implicazioni per la conservazione di potenziali biosignature nel sottosuolo del cratere Jezero", sottolineano i ricercatori. La scoperta aggiunge un tassello fondamentale alla ricostruzione della storia idrologica del pianeta, indicando che sistemi fluviali complessi erano presenti molto prima di quanto documentato finora. I dati del rover Perseverance continuano così a fornire informazioni cruciali sull'evoluzione climatica di Marte, contribuendo alla ricerca di ambienti che avrebbero potuto sostenere forme di vita microbica.

On Mars, traces of ancient rivers dating back 4 billion years.

AGI - Traces of an ancient river system on Mars, dating back 4.2 billion years ago, confirm that the red planet had a past rich in water and potentially habitable. This is what emerges from a study led by Emily Cardarelli of the University of California Los Angeles, together with David Paige and Svein-Erik Hamran, published on Science Advances, based on the data from the Perseverance rover. Analyzing the subsurface of the Jezero crater via ground-penetrating radar, the researchers identified sedimentary structures compatible with ancient rivers and deltas.

The studies
The data, collected up to over 35 meters deep – an unprecedented level for the mission – clearly show deposits associated with complex river systems. The radar signatures indicate the presence of structures attributable to meandering rivers, interwoven systems, or alluvial fans, suggesting a dynamic and water-rich environment in the past of Mars.

The area analyzed, known as the "Margin unit," is rich in magnesium carbonates, minerals that form in the presence of water and that can preserve chemical traces of habitable environments. This region is located near an ancient river inlet of the Jezero crater, already known to host deltas and paleolakes. The results indicate that the deltaic environment could have formed as early as during the Noachian era, between 4.2 and 3.7 billion years ago, anticipating the formation of the so-called Western Delta. According to the authors, these evidence strengthen the hypothesis that Mars had favorable conditions for life in its remote past.

Implications for the search for biosignatures
“These results could have implications for the preservation of potential biosignatures in the subsurface of the Jezero crater,” the researchers emphasize. The discovery adds a fundamental piece to the reconstruction of the planet’s hydrological history, indicating that complex river systems were present much earlier than previously documented. The data from the Perseverance rover continues to provide crucial information on the climatic evolution of Mars, contributing to the search for environments that could have supported microbial life.

#EmilyCardarelli #DavidPaige #Svein-ErikHamran #ScienceAdvances #Jezero #35meters #WesternDelta

https://www.agi.it/scienza/news/2026-03-19/marte-tracce-antichi-fiumi-36164618/

Another study showing that interacting with #biased #AI assistants can change one's views, even when people are aware of interacting with a biased algorithm.

#ScienceAdvances
#OpenAccess

Biased AI writing assistants shift users’ attitudes on #societal issues
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw5578

Mass extinctions drive biodiversity over millions of years. New study brings together the Ordovician fossil record, revealing how the evolution of jaws began in what is now South China and giving key insights into the ecology of the ancients👇 www.oist.jp/news-center/... #ScienceAdvances

The Age of Fishes began with m...
The Age of Fishes began with mass death

New fossil database gives unique insights into the earliest vertebrate ecosystems, revealing how mass extinction events are key drivers of evolutionary diversification.

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology OIST
Read the new #ScienceAdvances by researchers from OIST, University of Maryland, and @[email protected] 👇 doi.org/10.1126/scia...

The evolution of cheaper worke...
The evolution of cheaper workers facilitated larger societies and accelerated diversification in ants

Ants rose by favoring the power of many over the might of few.

Science Advances

Nowe badania pokazują, że korzystanie z solariów niemal trzykrotnie zwiększa ryzyko czerniaka. Tanning beds powodują rozległe mutacje DNA w całej skórze, nawet w miejscach chronionych przed słońcem. Wyniki podkreślają pilną potrzebę ostrzeżeń i regulacji.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ady4878

EN #science #scienceAdvances #health
PL #zdrowie #czerniak #onkologia #solarium #badania #DNA #mutacje #melanoma
#ostatnininja

Why does paint fade – at the atomic level? New #ScienceAdvances paper shows the benefits of taking it slow with ingenious spectroscopy redesign. www.oist.jp/news-center/...

Free radicals caught in the ac...
Free radicals caught in the act with slow spectroscopy

New experimental setup detects the faint signals of electrons, shedding new light on the physics of photodegradation and other long-term photoemission processes.

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology OIST

La cassette fait son comeback - 362 pétaoctets et 20 000 ans de stockage grâce à de l'ADN

https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://korben.info/cassette-adn-stockage-donnees-36-petaoctets.html

🍼More children, shorter #lifespan?

UG researcher Euan Young found clear evidence in #parishrecords from the Great Finnish Famine.📖

'Our findings suggest that under harsh conditions, reproductive effort certainly affects lifespan.’

Curious? Read more 👇
🔗 https://www.rug.nl/fse/news/highlighted-papers/2025/more-children-shorter-lifespan-clear-evidence-from-the-great-finnish-famine

Published in #ScienceAdvances

🧪 #SciComm #ScienceNewsroom
#reproduction #research #evolution #evolutionarybiology #biology #populationstudies #science #ScientistsOnMastodon
@universityofgroningen

‘Mind-captioning’ AI decodes brain activity to turn thoughts into text – Nature

  • NEWS
  • 05 November 2025

‘Mind-captioning’ AI decodes brain activity to turn thoughts into text

A non-invasive imaging technique can translate scenes in your head into sentences. It could help to reveal how the brain interprets the world.

By Max Kozlov

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive way to explore brain activity. Credit: National Institute of Mental Health / National Institutes of Health / SPL

Reading a person’s mind using a recording of their brain activity sounds futuristic, but it’s now one step closer to reality. A new technique called ‘mind captioning’ generates descriptive sentences of what a person is seeing or picturing in their mind using a read-out of their brain activity, with impressive accuracy.

The technique, described in a paper published today in Science Advances1, also offers clues for how the brain represents the world before thoughts are put into words. And it might be able to help people with language difficulties, such as those caused by strokes, to better communicate.

The model predicts what a person is looking at “with a lot of detail”, says Alex Huth, a computational neuroscientist at the University of California, Berkeley. “This is hard to do. It’s surprising you can get that much detail.”

Continue/Read Original Article Here: ‘Mind-captioning’ AI decodes brain activity to turn thoughts into text

#Brain #BrainActivity #HumanUnderstanding #InterpretWorld #Language #MindReading #MRI #Nature #ScienceAdvances