Giuseppe MichieliSep 4, 2024

Farmed #fur #animals harbour #viruses with #zoonotic #spillover potential, Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07901-3

We identified 7 species of #coronaviruses, expanding their known host range, & documented cross-species transmission of a novel #canine respiratory coronavirus to raccoon dogs & of #bat HKU5-like CoV to #mink, present at a high abundance in lung tissues. 3 subtypes of #influenza A virus—#H1N2, #H5N6 & #H6N2—were detected in #lungs of guinea pig, mink and #muskrat, respectively.

Farmed fur animals harbour viruses with zoonotic spillover potential - Nature

Fur farming represents an important hub of cross-species transmission for viral zoonoses.

Nature
Giuseppe MichieliJun 12, 2024

#WGS of low pathogenicity avian #influenza virus #H6N2 detected from a #Brazilian #teal (Amazonnetta brasiliensis) in #Brazil, 2023, Microbiol Res Announc.: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mra.00158-24

WGS of LPAIV H6N2 was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.

Giuseppe MichieliMay 10, 2024

#H6N2 #reassortant avian #influenza virus isolate in wild #birds in #Jiangxi Province, #China, Virus Genes: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11262-024-02068-5

The H6N2 isolate possessed a complex #genome, indicating it is a multi-gene #recombinant virus with genetic material from both #Eurasian and North #American #lineages.

H6N2 reassortant avian influenza virus isolate in wild birds in Jiangxi Province, China - Virus Genes

H6 avian influenza virus is widely prevalent in wild birds and poultry and has caused human infection in 2013 in Taiwan, China. During our active influenza surveillance program in wild waterfowl at Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, an H6N2 AIV was isolated and named A/bean goose/JiangXi/452-4/2013(H6N2). The isolate was characterized as a typical low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) due to the presence of the amino acid sequence PQIETR↓GLFGAI at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. The genetic evolution analysis revealed that the NA gene of the isolate originated from North America and exhibited the highest nucleotide identity (99.29%) with a virus recovered from wild bird samples in North America, specifically A/bufflehead/California/4935/2012(H11N2). Additionally, while the HA and PB1 genes belonged to the Eurasian lineage, they displayed frequent genetic interactions with the North American lineage. The remaining genes showed close genetic relationships with Eurasian viruses. The H6N2 isolate possessed a complex genome, indicating it is a multi-gene recombinant virus with genetic material from both Eurasian and North American lineages.

SpringerLink
Giuseppe MichieliNov 16, 2023
#Spillover of an endemic avian #Influenza #H6N2 #chicken lineage to #ostriches and #reassortment with clade 2.3.4.4b #H5N1 high pathogenicity viruses in chickens, Vet Res Commun.: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11259-023-10258-z
Spillover of an endemic avian Influenza H6N2 chicken lineage to ostriches and reassortment with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity viruses in chickens - Veterinary Research Communications

Prior to 2017, chicken production in South Africa had only ever been affected by an endemic strain of H6N2 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), but since 2017, an outbreak of Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) introduced by wild birds, followed by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI (2021-present), affected the country. In the present study, the viruses from seven cases of H6N2 LPAI from commercial poultry between October 2019 and August 2020 were genome-sequenced along with an H5N2 HPAI virus, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The H5N2 HPAI virus caused localized outbreaks in a small-scale chicken farm and a large commercial layer farm in the KwaZulu-Natal province between late October and early December 2022. The phylogenetic results confirmed the first incidence of the chicken-adapted H6N2 lineage in commercial ostriches in the Western Cape province, with a likely epidemiological origin in chickens from the KwaZulu Natal province. The results also showed that the H5N2 HPAI virus was a novel reassortant of PB2, PB1, PA, NP and NA genome segments derived from a parental H6N2 virus that circulated in region, whereas the HA, M and NS genome segments were derived from sub-genotype SA10 H5N1 HPAI parental virus that had circulated in the local wild bird reservoir since July 2021.

SpringerLink