Me: How much do I owe?
Government: You have to figure that out.
Me: I just pay what I want?
Government: Oh no, we know exactly how much you owe. But you have to guess that number too.
Me: What if I get it wrong?
Government: You go to prison.
@MostlyHarmless This is a peculiarly American problem driven by two special-interest groups:
In the UK, most people never complete a tax return. They pay through Pay As You Earn (PAYE) where the tax is deducted each month as you pay. If they over or underpay one year, the PAYE rate is adjusted the next year to compensate (unless it's a huge amount). If you do have to complete a tax return, the employment bit is usually easy: it should be prepopulated, but if not then you just need to copy a couple of numbers from a standard form that every employer is required to give you. It's only difficult if you have a load of investments and other income, and even then you just fill in a web form with the information and they tell you how much you owe. If it's a smallish amount (a few thousand or less) then they adjust your PAYE rate next year to collect it. Otherwise you have to pay it, but they tell you exactly how much.
@davidf @MostlyHarmless most Americans also “pay as you earn”: we call it “income tax withholding”. Then they file a return at year end, and most receive a refund as they’ve withheld slightly more than they actually owe.
For most people, tax filing is quite simple. It’s essentially a data entry exercise; anyone with whom you’ve made money sends you forms, you enter their information into the 1040 form, and do some simple math. Yes, it’s also completely unnecessary to have it set up this way, and it could be made even simpler, but the claims that it’s complicated are massively overstated (for most people).
SOME people have complex tax situations. Most do not. People stress a lot because there is a lot of misinformation (mostly from tax prep companies) is all.
@MostlyHarmless
Me: Okay, can I at least ask you guys for help if I don't know how to calculate something?
Gov: Sure, but if what we tell you is wrong, it's your fault.
(True at least for Germany)