"START LEARNING ENGLISH"

https://piefed.social/c/historymemes/p/1676652/start-learning-english

Різанина при Вундед-Ні.
https://buymeacoffee.com/valdeloir/didazowiki

#ВундедНі #ІндіанськіВійни #Лакота #ІсторіяСША #КорінніНароди
#WoundedKnee #IndianWars #Lakota #USHistory #NativeAmericans

"Hey, look, this treaty doesn't look so-no, wait, the colonists just broke it"

https://piefed.social/c/historymemes/p/1522742/hey-look-this-treaty-doesn-t-look-so-no-wait-the-colonists-just-broke-it

Today in Labor History June 1, 1873: Captain Jack (Kintpuash), who led a band of 52 Modoc warriors against the U.S. army near Tule Lake, California, finally surrendered to U.S. troops. The fight was part of the Modoc Wars, in which the Modoc tribe (southern Oregon and Northern California) resisted domination by the U.S. This was the most expensive Indian War in US history. Initially, the Modocs were highly successful, at least until the U.S. brought in significant reinforcements, encircled them, starved them out, leading many of Captain Jack’s own warriors to join with the U.S. forces to help capture him. It was also the only time Indigenous Americans killed a U.S. general. For decades, Kintpuash’s head was displayed in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.

In 1863, the U.S. Army built Fort Klamath, just north of the Oregon border. Hundreds of Civil War veterans spent their days and evenings there getting drunk because there wasn’t anything else to do there. The army had forced Captain Jack and a hundred other Modocs to leave Tule Lake and live on the Klamath reservation. However, the Klamath Indians mistreated the Modocs. And the U.S. soldiers raided the reservation and raped Modoc women. So, Captain Jack returned to Tule Lake with the hundred Modocs he had brought with him, plus another 300 who had been living on the reservation before he got there.

When they returned to Tule Lake, they found even more white men than when they had left, and they didn’t want the Modocs around. They demanded that the Army return Captain Jack and his people to the reservation. The army surrounded the Modocs and sent in a peace delegation to negotiate a return to the reservation. Captain Jack initially wanted to make peace with the U.S. government because he knew Washington would continue to send soldiers and they’d never be able to win. But several of his chiefs disagreed. They knew that if they made peace, they’d be betrayed, as had happened so many times before. Realizing his chiefs would make war with the U.S., with or without his support, he chose to fight. So, at the next peace commission, Captain Jack shot and killed General Canby, the only general to ever die in the Indian wars. The other members of the delegation fled.

The Lava Beds were a natural fortress, with hundreds of caves and tunnels that were well-known to the Modocs. The night of the U.S. assault, a dense fog moved in from Tule Lake. The U.S. soldiers couldn’t see, yet they proceeded anyway. Modoc sharpshooters hid in crevasses and behind natural lava breastworks. They picked off the U.S. soldiers, one by one. In all, the Modocs killed 83 U.S. soldiers and volunteers, including 7 officers. The army killed 17 Modoc warriors, women and children. But eventually the U.S. brought in enough soldiers to surround the Modocs and starve them out, ultimately winning the war.

You read my complete biography of Kintpuash here: https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2021/04/23/captain-jack/

#workingclass #LaborHistory #indigenous #nativeamerican #captainjack #modoc #indianwars #kintpuash #genocide #tulelake

Happy #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth From the Army That Brought You the #TrailOfTears

After 170 years of armed attacks, #ForcedRelocations, #EthnicCleansing, and #genocide of #NativeAmericans, the #USMilitary wants to celebrate.

by Nick Turse
November 28 2024,

"'The Army was, bottom line, an instrument of a settler colonial empire that was determined to convert Native lands into private property for mostly white settlers,' said Jeffrey Ostler, professor of history emeritus at the University of Oregon and author of 'Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States From the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas.' 'That was its mission: to carry out a federal government policy that, in practice, often became a genocidal war.'"

Read more:
https://theintercept.com/2024/11/28/army-native-american-heritage-month/

#SettlerColonialism #Colonialism #USArmy #LandBack #WoundedKnee #IndianWars

Today in Labor History June 1, 1873: Captain Jack (Kintpuash), who led a band of 52 Modoc warriors against the U.S. army near Tule Lake, California, finally surrendered to U.S. troops. The fight was part of the Modoc Wars, in which the Modoc tribe (southern Oregon and Northern California) resisted domination by the U.S. This was the most expensive Indian War in US history. Initially, the Modocs were highly successful, at least until the U.S. brought in significant reinforcements, encircled them, starved them out, leading many of Captain Jack’s own warriors to join with the U.S. forces to help capture him. It was also the only time Indigenous Americans killed a U.S. general. For decades, Kintpuash’s head was displayed in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.

#workingclass #LaborHistory #indigenous #nativeamerican #captainjack #modoc #indianwars #kintpuash #genocide #tulelake

NYT Archive:

1891: A Heart-Rending Account of the Massacre at #WoundedKnee

By International Herald Tribune February 12, 2016

"On Dec. 29, 1890, American soldiers killed men, women and children on the #PineRidgeReservation in #SouthDakota. Two #Sioux leaders, #TurningHawk and #AmericanHorse, spoke of the massacre’s horrors at a conference in Washington D.C. in 1891. Below is an excerpt from their account that appeared in the European edition of The New York Herald:

"A most pathetic story was told at the Sioux Indian Conference yesterday [Feb. 11], by Turning Hawk and American Horse. According to them, many Indian men, women and children were mercilessly slaughtered in the so-called fight at Wounded Knee.

"Soon after the firing began, they said, the soldiers turned their guns upon #women in the lodges, standing there under a flag of #truce, the result being a general stampede, the men fleeing in one direction and the women in two different directions. As they fled with babes on their backs, several women and #children were shot right through, some falling near the flag of truce, and others being despatched as they ran through the circular village.

"One woman was shot down with her infant as her arms almost touched the flag, and a sad sight then was seen, the mother dead and the innocent child still suckling.

"But worse was yet to come, for after this inhuman #massacre the cry was raised that all not killed or wounded should come forth and would be safe. Little boys and girls not wounded came out of places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded and butchered them."

https://archive.nytimes.com/iht-retrospective.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/1891-a-heart-rending-account-of-the-massacre-at-wounded-knee/

#Genocide #USHistory #NativeAmericanHistory #WoundedKneeMassacre #NeverForgetWoundedKnee #IndianWars #USArmy

UPDATE - 12/29/2023: "The #WoundedKnee descendants group has decided not to burn artifacts stolen from mass graves of #WoundedKneeMassacre victims after officials from the #CheyenneRiverSioux Tribe requested that they not burn those artifacts."

Wounded Knee descendants group plans ceremony for artifacts

A group of Wounded Knee descendants is planning to burn recently repatriated artifacts on December 29

by Amelia Schafer
Dec 25, 2023

RAPID CITY, S.D. – "Last November, more than 150 items stolen from mass graves of Wounded Knee massacre victims were returned to a group of descendants, the Si’Tanka Ta’ Oyate O’mniceye (Descendants of the Si’ Tanka Nation). Now, a year later, the group plans to burn the artifacts to mark the end of the one-year traditional bereavement period called wasigla.

"In 1890, more than 300 Lakota men, women and children were killed by the #UnitedStatesMilitary. The military had been sent to #PineRidge to stop a potential 'Indian uprising.' Instead, they encountered a band of #Mniconju Lakota led by Chief Spotted Elk (nicknamed Big Foot by the military). The military misinterpreted the group’s ghost dance songs as an intent to attack and opened fire on the band. Now 133 years later, the descendants of those who survived the massacre are working to preserve the memory of what happened that day.

"Mixed in amongst the artifacts are items from other tribes, Ojibwe moccasins, Dakota and Cheyenne beadwork and other items from other tribes were scattered in. Those items will also be burned.

"All repatriated items came from the #WoodsMemorialLibrary’s Founders #MuseumCollection in #BarreMassachusetts. The museum qualifies as a private collection.

"The Founders Museum did not respond to a request for comment. It is unclear if the museum’s entire 'Native American Collection' was given to the Wounded Knee descendants or just the Wounded Knee-related items.

"Some Wounded Knee survivor descendants claim they were left out of the process [to make the decision to burn the items]. The group said there are more than 500 descendants of Wounded Knee survivor James Pipe on Head alone, the grandson of Chief Spotted Elk.

"Broken Nose said just in Oglala, South Dakota over 30 families descend from Spotted Elk. This specific group is comprised of descendants who have met since 1980.

"Calvin Spotted Elk, a citizen of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, said he feels the descendants have not been properly included in the decision-making process, especially those who live out of state. Spotted Elk lives in California."

https://ictnews.org/news/wounded-knee-descendants-group-plans-ceremony-for-artifacts

#Genocide #Lakota #NativeAmericanHistory #WoundedKneeMassacre #NeverForgetWoundedKnee
#IndianWars #GhostDance #Repatriation