Giuseppe MichieliThe Winners Take It All? Evolutionary #Success of #H5Nx #Reassortants in the 2020–2024 #Panzootic, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/07/the-winners-take-it-all-evolutionary.html
Mapping #Haemagglutinin #Residues Driving #Antigenic Diversity in #H5Nx Avian #Influenza Viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/06/mapping-haemagglutinin-residues-driving.html
Investigating Factors Driving Shifts in Subtype #Dominance within #H5Nx Clade 2.3.4.4b High-Pathogenicity Avian #Influenza viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/investigating-factors-driving-shifts-in.html
The #receptor binding properties of #H5Nx #influenza A viruses have evolved to promiscuously bind to avian-type mucin-like O-glycans, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/the-receptor-binding-properties-of-h5nx.html
Investigating #Factors Driving Shifts in #Subtype #Dominance within #H5Nx Clade 2.3.4.4b High-Pathogenicity Avian #Influenza viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/investigating-factors-driving-shifts-in.html
Phylogenetic #discordance cannot identify #genomic #reassortment events: a case study with the avian #influenza virus #H5Nx, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/03/phylogenetic-discordance-cannot.html
ℵ₀ 🏳️⚧️🏴☠️https://nextstrain.org/avian-flu/h5n1/ha/2y?dmin=2024-01-01
↑ H5N1/HA JAN-1-2024—Current
(2 year range, filtered to 2024)
https://nextstrain.org/avian-flu/h5n1-cattle-outbreak/genome
↑ updated every ≈72H
#nextstrain #avianinfluenza #H5N1 #H5Nx
#BovineFlu #influenza #bioinformatics #virology #epidemiology
Recurring #incursions and #dissemination of novel #Eurasian-origin #H5Nx avian #influenza viruses in Atlantic #Canada, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/recurring-incursions-and-dissemination.html
#Genotypic & #phenotypic susceptibility of emerging avian #influenza A viruses to
#NAIs & cap-dependent endonuclease #inhibitors, Antiviral Res.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354224001682?via%3Dihub
Frequencies of markers of resistance to antivirals were low among >20,000 avian influenza A viruses studied. #H5Nx, #H7Nx, & #H9N2 viruses were susceptible to sub-nanomolar concentrations of antivirals. NA-I222M, but not NA-S246N or NA-I222V, in H5N1 confers reduced inhibition by #oseltamivir.
#Assessment of #Survival #Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 #H5Nx Avian #Influenza #Viruses, Viruses: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/6/889
Statistical tests of the difference between the DT values and extinction times of each clade 2.3.4.4 strain at each #temperature indicated that the majority displayed different survival kinetics from the other strains at 4 °C and 20 °C.
Assessment of Survival Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses
High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry species. HPAIV prevalence means high numbers of infected wild birds could lead to spill over events for farmed poultry. How these pathogens survive in the environment is important for disease maintenance and potential dissemination. We evaluated the temperature-associated survival kinetics for five clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx HPAIVs (UK field strains between 2014 and 2021) incubated at up to three temperatures for up to ten weeks. The selected temperatures represented northern European winter (4 °C) and summer (20 °C); and a southern European summer temperature (30 °C). For each clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIV, the time in days to reduce the viral infectivity by 90% at temperature T was established (DT), showing that a lower incubation temperature prolonged virus survival (stability), where DT ranged from days to weeks. The fastest loss of viral infectivity was observed at 30 °C. Extrapolation of the graphical DT plots to the x-axis intercept provided the corresponding time to extinction for viral decay. Statistical tests of the difference between the DT values and extinction times of each clade 2.3.4.4 strain at each temperature indicated that the majority displayed different survival kinetics from the other strains at 4 °C and 20 °C.