The $200M Machine that Prints Microchips: The EUV Photolithography System

How do Transistors Work? How are Transistors Assembled Inside a CPU?

How do Graphics Cards Work? Exploring GPU Architecture

How are Microchips Made? 🖥️🛠️ CPU Manufacturing Process Steps

How do Graphics Cards Work? Exploring GPU Architecture

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What Makes Computer Generated Images Look Real? Exploring Ray Tracing and CGI

Go to http://brilliant.org/BranchEducation/ for a 30-day free trial and expand your knowledge. Use this link for a 20% discount on their annual premium membership. TV and Movies have a ton of Computer Generated Images [CGI] to create fantasy worlds with dragons and castles, futuristic intergalactic civilizations, or historically accurate cities of 1700s Japan, such as in the recent TV show Shogun. But have you ever wondered how these CGI / Computer Generated Images are made? And how are these scenes so accurate that they fool the eye into thinking they are real. In this video, we're diving into Path Tracing, a type of Ray Tracing algorithm. We'll explore exactly how Ray Tracing is used to create accurate lighting and realistic scenes and how it uses quadrillions of calculations. We're working on more ambitious subjects like computer architecture and graphics cards. Any contribution would greatly help make these videos. https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation Branch Education Website: https://www.branch.education Branch Education Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/ Thank you to Cem Yuksel, a professor at the School of Computer at the University of Utah. He helped to proofread the script for inaccuracies, and his only course on computer graphics and interactive graphics was incredibly useful in researching this video. You can find the various scenes we used to create this video on the Blender Website https://www.blender.org/download/demo-files/ Scanlands by Piotr Krynski Agent 327 Barbershop by Blender Animation Studios The Junk Shop by Alex Trevino. Original Concept by Anais Maamar Thank you to the Blender Dev Team! Animation built using Blender 4.2.0 https://www.blender.org/ Table of Contents: 00:00 - How does CGI Computer Generated Images Work? 01:00 - How is Ray Tracing an Incredibly Difficult Problem to Solve 02:41 - How to Create a CGI Scene 05:48 - Rendering a Scene with Ray Tracing 09:09 - Lighting a Scene with Ray Tracing: Global Illumination 13:46 - Material Roughness and Bouncing Rays 16:04 - Solving Ray Tracing 19:57 - Graphics Cards and Ray Tracing Cores 22:31 - Brilliant Sponsorship 24:20 - We Love Ray Tracing in Blender 25:27 - Ray Tracing in Video Games 26:23 - Screen Space Ray Tracing Key Branches from this video are: How do Video Game Graphics Work? https://youtu.be/C8YtdC8mxTU Animation: Mike Radjabov, Sherdil Davronov, Adrei Dulay Research, Script and Editing: Teddy Tablante Twitter: @teddytablante Modeling: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya Voice Over: Phil Lee Sound Design by Drilu: www.drilu.world Sound Design and mix: David Pinete Additional Sound Design: Raúl Núñez Supervising Sound Editor: Luis Huesca Erratum: Image Attribution: Steve Jobs in 1972 Pegasus Yearbook produced by Homestead High School Steve Jobs and Macintosh Computer from 1984 by Bernard Gotfryd Apple Computer by Ed Uthman https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apple_I_Computer.jpg 1982 Time Magazine Steve Jobs Striking it Rich Apple II Image by Rama & Musee Bolo Apple 3 by Bilby Steve Jobs 2010 Image by Matt Yohe from Wikimedia Internet References: Ray Tracing Gems Series https://www.realtimerendering.com/raytracinggems/ The Science Behind Pixar https://sciencebehindpixar.org/ask-a-pixar-scientist Lumen Vs. Ray Tracing https://www.lunas.pro/news/lumen-ray-tracing.html Wikipedia contributors. "3D Computer Graphics", " Light Transport", " Ray Casting", "Ray Tracing (graphics)", " Rendering". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited August 15th 2024 Textbooks and Papers An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display by Turner Whitted, Bell Laboratories Distributed Ray Tracing by Robert Cook, Thomas Porter, and Loren Carpenter Physically Based Rendering by Matt Pharr, Wenzel Jakob, Greg Humphreys Ray Tracing in One Weekend by Peter Shirley The Rendering Equation by James T. Kajiya #GPU #RayTracing #CGI

How are Microchips Made?

Go to http://brilliant.org/BranchEducation/ for a 30-day free trial and expand your knowledge. Use this link to get a 20% discount on their annual premium membership. Integrated Circuits, CPUs, GPUs, Systems on a Chip, Microcontroller Chips, and all the other different types of microchips are the brains of all the devices and technology that we use on a daily basis. But have you ever wondered how these microchips are made? Well, in this video, we're going to take a tour of a microchip fabrication plant or fab and walk you through the dozens of steps used to make a microchip. CPU, GPU, and Smartphone Microchip manufacturing is a multi-trillion dollar industry, and each factory costs in the tens of billions of dollars. This is an overview of all the processes used to make a microchip, as well as an overview of a microchip factory. We're planning more videos on microchip manufacturing, such as a 3D animated factory tour. This is the MOST complicated video we've made by FAR!! 4 different animators have been working on this video non-stop for the past 5 months, for a total of 1300 hours of research, modeling, script writing, animating, editing, animating again, rendering, and then more editing. Support us on Patreon is you want more videos like this one. https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation Website: https://www.branch.education On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/ Shoutout to Asianometry YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/@Asianometry. This YouTube channel is filled with tons of information on the semiconductor industry, and Microchip Fabs. Table of Contents: 00:00 - How are Transistors Manufactured? 02:06 - The nanoscopic processes vs the microchip fab 02:34 - What's inside a CPU? 04:31 - What are FinFet Transistors 05:06 - Imagine Baking a Cake 05:44 - Simplified Steps for Microchip Manufacturing 07:51 - 3D Animated Semiconductor Fabrication Plant Tour 09:54 - Categories of Fabrication Tools 10:26 - Photolithography and Mask Layers 11:52 - EUV Photolithography 13:39 - Deposition Tools 15:02 - Etching Tools 16:02 - Ion Implantation 17:03 - Wafer Cleaning Tools 17:29 - Metrology Tools 18:16 - Detailed Steps for Microchip Fabrication 20:29 - Research and Hours Spent on this Video 22:18 - Silicon Wafer Manufacturing 23:19 - Wafer Testing 23:42 - Binning 24:59 - Explore Brilliant 27:20 - Thank you to Patreon Supporters Key Branches from this video are: How do Computers Work? How do SoCs Work? Animation: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya, Adrei Dulay, Parvesh Khatri Research, Script and Editing: Teddy Tablante Twitter: @teddytablante Modeling: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya Voice Over: Phil Lee Sound Design: https://www.drilu.world/ Sound Effects and Music Editor: Raúl Núñez, David Pinete Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca Erratum: Animation built using Blender 4.1 https://www.blender.org/ Internet References: WikiChip Fuse https://fuse.wikichip.org/ is an amazing resource for the specs of different technology nodes. Semiconductor Engineering https://semiengineering.com/ is an amazing resource for news in the semiconductor industry. TechPowerUp https://www.techpowerup.com/ is an amazing resource for tech specs of various technology devices. Wikipedia contributors. "FOUPs", "Integrated Circuits", "Photolithography", "Semiconductor Devices", "Semiconductor Device Fabrication", " Silicon". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May 13nd 2024 Internet References: Tool Model reference images acquired from: https://www.appliedmaterials.com/il/en/semiconductor/semiconductor-products.html https://www.tel.com/product/all/index.html#localnav Textbooks: Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology By Robert Doering and Yoshio Nishi Microchip Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing. Peter Van Zant Semiconductor Microchips and Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Theory and Manufacturing by Yaguang Lian Semiconductor Manufacturing Handbook. Second Edition By Hwaiyu Geng #Microchip #Manufacturing #CPU

How do Computer Keyboards Work? 🤔⌨⌨🛠

Hurry and SIGN UP for Keysight World - Live from the Lab here: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/events/keysight-world/brancheducation.html. You'll be entered into a colossal test gear giveaway! During the live stream, you'll learn about Batteries, DC to DC Converters, and a wide range of Internet of Things Devices. You probably use a computer keyboard for dozens of hours a week, but have you ever wondered what it looked like inside of them or how it worked? Also, what's the difference between a basic and a mechanical keyboard? And what makes that clicking sound? Well, in this video, we're diving into both basic keyboards and mechanical keyboards, so stick around! Do you want to support in-depth engineering and technology education? Join us at: https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation Website: https://www.branch.education On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/ On Twitter: https://twitter.com/TeddyTablante On Insta: https://www.instagram.com/brancheducation/ Table of Contents: 00:00 - Exploring Computer Keyboards 01:06 - Teardown of a Basic Computer Keyboard 02:09 - How do Basic Keyboards Work? 04:22 - Scanning Through the Computer Keyboard 06:21 - Sponsored Section 07:39 - Exploring Mechanical Keyboards 09:58 - Laptop Keyboards 10:32 - Outro Key Branches from this video are: How does your Mouse know when you move it? How do Scroll Wheels Work? How does Computer Hardware Work? Erratum: Animation: Mike Radjabov Script: Teddy Tablante Twitter: @teddytablante Modeling: Prakash Kakadiya Voice Over: Phil Lee Sound Design: www.drilu.mx Sound Effects and Music Editor: David Pinete Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca Animation built using Blender 3.5.1 https://www.blender.org/ References: A Beginner's Guide to Switches https://www.theremingoat.com/blog/beginners-guide Apple's Butterfly Keyboards vs. Scissor Switch Keyboards https://www.macrumors.com/guide/butterfly-keyboard-vs-scissor-keyboard/ How Do Mechanical Keyboards Work: Guides to Pick the Right Switch https://fittingchairs.com/how-to/how-does-a-mechanical-keyboard-work/ Wikipedia contributors. "Keyboard Matrix". "Keyboard Technology". "Computers". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May 10th 2022 #MechanicalKeyboard #Keyboard #Mechanical

How do Hard Disk Drives Work? 💻💿🛠