I’ve only read the idea prompts in @rottytooth’s Forty-Four Esolangs so far but they’re genuinely beautiful, and, in an age of LLMs eating the normal, they seem almost transgressively human.
I’ve only read the idea prompts in @rottytooth’s Forty-Four Esolangs so far but they’re genuinely beautiful, and, in an age of LLMs eating the normal, they seem almost transgressively human.
@entropia This expands on my talk Fri night at ZKM, which is a free event starting 6pm.
"What happens when programming languages aim not at functionality and efficiency, but at irritation and reflection, or act like poetry? In his publication »Forty-Four Esolangs: The Art of Esoteric Code«, published in 2025 by The MIT Press, artist Daniel Temkin brings together so-called esoteric programming languages –radical experiments at the limits of what code can be."
More here: https://zkm.de/en/2026/02/daniel-temkin-forty-four-esolangs
Then an extremely fun #FOSDEM talk by @rottytooth about Esoteric Languages 😀
Tried my best to capture it in sketches:
We're excited to host a book launch with Daniel Temkin, one of the world's leading experts in esoteric programming languages (or Esolangs).
Book Launch: Forty-Four Esolangs
with Daniel Temkin @rottytooth
2pm, October 15
Ahmanson Lab (3rd Floor of Leavey)
Sponsored by the Harman Academy, the Dornsife Writing Program, Media Arts + Practice, and the Humanities and Critical Code Studies Lab
Daniel Temkin’s book Forty-Four Esolangs, coming from the MIT Press on Sep 23 in the Hardcopy series, is reviewed & @rottytooth himself is interviewed in IEEE Spectrum
https://spectrum.ieee.org/esoteric-programming-languages-daniel-temkin
"Have you ever tried programming with a language that uses musical notation? What about a language that never runs programs the same way? What about a language where you write code with photographs?
All exist, among many others, in the world of esoteric programming languages, and Daniel Temkin has written a forthcoming book covering 44 of them, some of which exist and are usable to some interpretation of the word “usable.” The book, Forty-Four Esolangs: The Art of Esoteric Code, is out on 23 September, published by MIT Press.
I was introduced to Temkin’s work at the yearly Free and Open source Software Developer’s European Meeting (FOSDEM) event in Brussels in February. FOSDEM is typically full of strange and wonderful talks, where the open-source world gets to show its more unusual side. In Temkin’s talk, which I later described to a friend as “the most FOSDEM talk of 2025,” he demonstrated Valence, a programming language that uses eight ancient Greek measuring and numeric symbols."
https://spectrum.ieee.org/esoteric-programming-languages-daniel-temkin
The source code for the original Princeton INTERCAL Compiler -- not run since the 70s -- has been found! Here it is, with some notes, on esoteric.codes
https://esoteric.codes/blog/published-for-the-first-time-the-original-intercal72-compiler-code