@wrigleyfield @geofisch Re (1), I think it very much depends on the subject. I think the history classes are uniquely awful in this respect -- there is never going to be a single college class covering "US History" or "World History" that the AP classes could substitute for. College history classes pretty universally tend to have a narrower scope but dig deeper, which is what you want out of a college class. And AP CS (not to mention CSP) is kind of a joke. But AP languages seem like a reasonable substitute for a college foreign language requirement, and AP Calc pretty much covers the same material you'd find in the corresponding college calculus class. I'd say the same for at least some of the sciences. My daughter wasn't given credit for her AP Econs (I'm not sure why not), and had to take the corresponding intro college class for her major and found it to be pretty much an exact repeat.