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Abstract Cigarette smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy have detrimental effects on the health of expectant mothers, increasing the likelihood of respiratory diseases or infections. Due to the exciting effect of smoking, the negative effect on diurnal rhythm and sleep is also observed. Sleep quantity and quality are directly related to health and well-being, especially during times of excess stress, such as the perinatal period. This prospective study aimed to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and sleep patterns in pregnant women. An online survey was conducted among Polish women from May 2020 to September 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported smoking during pregnancy and rated sleep in three categories (difficulty falling asleep, waking up too early, and difficulty staying asleep). Data from 3365 mothers aged 18-43 (mean 30.7; SD 3.87) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Passive smoking was associated with one of the three variables used to assess sleep problems (waking up too early) while controlling for a range of individual variables (age, education, place of residence, satisfaction with the woman's life, and economic situation, pregnancy complications, levels of state anxiety and depressive symptoms, trimester of pregnancy, nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, and COVID-19 infections). Interestingly, results showed no evidence of an association between active smoking and sleep difficulties. Our findings suggest that passive smoking is a potential risk factor for sleeping problems in pregnant women, especially in the aspect of waking up too early. These results are worth considering when formulating pro-health measures for pregnant women and their close ones.
Exercise capacity (EC) and physical activity (PA) are relevant predictors of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) but the CHD-specific long-term trajectories of these outcomes after a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program are not well known. The main objective of this study was to determine the mean change in EC (six-minute walking test [6MWT] distance) in CHD patients at 12 months after a CR program compared to the end of the program. We also performed a series of exploratory analyses: (i) estimating the decile shifts and the typical (median) individual change for EC, PA (IPAQ-SF MET-min/week), and motivation for PA (EMAPS scores) over the 12-month follow-up period; (ii) characterizing the PA motivational profiles at the end of the program and 12 months after the program; (iii) characterizing the barriers to PA perceived at 12 months; and (iv) estimating the categories of changes in EC and PA over time and their potential predictors. Eighty-three patients (77 men; median (25th – 75th percentile) age: 59 (53 – 64) yr; 27.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2) were recruited at the end of a CR program. We found that, for an average patient, EC was trivially increased at 12 months (+12.56 m at the 6MWT; dav = 0.16; P = 0.005). However, the decile shifts analysis did not confirm that the positive shift of the distribution of the performances over time was uniform. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in PA between the end of the program and 12 months post-program but not between 6 and 12 months post-program when considering both the group of patients as a whole and the typical individual change. The results regarding motivation for PA were mixed, with significant and non-uniform shifts of the deciles towards scores depicting degrees of autonomous and controlled motivations as well as amotivation that would be more in favour of PA, but with no significant typical individual changes except for introjected regulation. Two motivational profiles were identified both at the end of the program and 12 months after the program: one with a very high level of autonomous motivation and a high level of controlled motivation; and another one with a high level of autonomous motivation and a moderate level of controlled motivation. Unfavourable weather, lack of time, fatigue, and fear of injury were the main barriers to PA at 12 months post-program. The change in EC and PA could be categorized into different classes without the possibility to determine any potential predictor of the assignment to a given class. Overall, these results suggest that clinicians managing a CR program with CHD patients as the one implemented in the present study may expect slightly positive or at least steady trajectories in EC, PA (after 6 months), and motivation for PA during the year after the program when considering the bulks of the distributions of patient scores. However, these global trajectories are actually the results of heterogeneous individual changes with some profiles of patients who could need a particular attention but whose characteristics could not yet be predicted.
The ability to move is a vital and essential feature of human existence. We are experts at producing a variety of movements and have refined their control through evolution. As gravity is a major feature of our every-day environment, we have learned to take advantage of it by optimising its effects to minimise the cost of our actions. This can be illustrated by systematic differences in the temporal organisation of our movements according to their direction. Studying motor control in the face of various gravitational level modifications (hypergravity, hypogravity or weightlessness), the scientific literature has shown that movement kinematics are rapidly adapted to new gravitational conditions. Hitherto, most researchers varied gravitational intensity to probe its neural integration into sensorimotor control. Here, we investigated the effects of a reversal of gravitational direction in the egocentric reference frame. Our results reveal a major effect of body-orientation reversal on motor control. This effect then progressively disappears, such that arm kinematics reached values that were close to the known baseline optimal ones. These results reveal that the effects of a simple reversal of body orientation cannot be fully anticipated to produce arm movements. Furthermore, comparing the evolution of varied parameters that were collected at different time points during each movement, our results reveal that adaptation first occured during the late movement phases; i.e., around the time to peak velocity and time to peak deceleration. These results suggest an adaptation through feedback mechanisms whilst feedforward ones remain unmodified. Hosted on the Open Science Framework
A true #academic joke ! 
A motivation letter for work for free "position" ? 
My time is for better projects as @PCI_HMS or #diamondopenaccess
PaquitoBernard