Want to see all my 3D-printed 1:64 scale cars? No? Too bad!

Day 1/84: This is the first complete car I ever printed, a Volvo 760 Turbo wagon. There was obviously some learning curve involved; the wheels were too big, and I didn't make the front headrest supports thick enough to survive printing. Not bad overall for a first try, though. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting

Day 2/84: My second 1:64-scale car was a variation on my first, which I had designed with this kind of adaptability in mind. Using the same bodyshell, interior, and steering wheel, a new dashboard, wheels, and base piece (with integrated bumpers and front fascia) transformed my 760 Turbo into a pre-facelift 740 Turbo. The scaled-down wheel size I used here became my standard size going forward. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting

Day 3/84: Hey, it's not a Volvo! I swear they're not all Swedish cars...only about 25%. I may or may not be joking.

This Saab 900 Turbo was my first attempt at an opening part, and I took a big swing on the clamshell hood. I didn't get the hinge right on this first attempt, but don't worry—we'll get there. What did turn out awesome was the rear window insert with spoiler and oh-so-’80s louvers. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting

Day 4/84: First successful opening part—the hatch on this AMC Eagle is simply held in by friction, but it works perfectly, has never fallen off, and even stays open. I'm also still very pleased with my woodgrain painting job. Matchbox has since come out with an ’80 Eagle wagon, but mine was first. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 5/84: A successful opening hood—a very successful one, I think—on my Series III Jaguar XJ6. Forward-hinged hoods are easier to design at this scale, because you have a more solid structure at the front of the car for whatever the hinge mechanism is; the cowl area around the windshield can get delicate. But I think I'll have one or two that open the other way later on. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 6/84: This was *the* status symbol car of my Orange County childhood, and a mainstream sedan with pop-up headlights is admittedly pretty cool. So, of course, my 1:64-scale Accord has pop-up headlights, too. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 7/84: Another modular design—common parts that make it easy to build multiple variations. In the case of the Accord, both sedan and coupe use all of the same parts except for the bodies. The bumpers are integrated into the base piece as well, so I could theoretically also make a pre-facelift (1986-87) sedan with just one new piece, but I never have. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 8/84: Second Saab—a new base (which includes the bumpers, rockers, and headlights and grille) and new wheels give me an ’87-91 SPG. Still hadn't perfected the hinge for the hood. This is the last car I made for which I cut tires from rubber tubing. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 9/84: This Alfa GTV6 is my first car with printed tires, and the first to have any identification marks on the base. At the time I was still cutting brass rod for axles, and using tiny screws to attach bases to bodies, both extra steps and materials I've since eliminated from my assembly processes. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 10/84: A replica of the first car I ever rode in, my mom's ’84 Chevy Cavalier. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 11/84: Love a hardtop. This Benz was one of my more clever modular designs, but we'll see more about that tomorrow. For now, I'll just point out a couple of my favorite details: the fine job I did painting the headlamp wipers, and the rear headrests folded down into the parcel shelf. It's tough to see through the grain of the print, but on the trunklid you can also see that this is the first car I made with a badge—that star is so satisfying to make. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 12/84: Yesterday a 300CE, today an E320. One of my trickier modular designs; the base piece includes the bumpers, center portion of the front fascia, and the hood, allowing me to do both pre- and post-facelift versions. Essentially, the body and base are two interlocking C-shaped pieces. Also, note that the headlamp wipers pointed in opposite directions before and after the 1994 refresh. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 14/84: Here's my third and, to date, final RWD Volvo wagon, using many of the same parts as my first two cars to make a ’94 940 Turbo: the body and steering wheel are shared with both the 760 and 740; the base is shared with the 760; and the dashboard is the same as the 740's. Only the interior and the fun Hydra alloy wheels are new. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 15/84: J-body, part deux—where there's a Cavalier, there must also be a Cimarron! My two J-bodies share a main body piece and a dashboard. Both were designed with opening hoods, though both of mine are glued shut due to a hinge design that needed refinement. @slirt, do you have the blue Cimarron? If so, you have the only one with a hood that actually opens as intended. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 16/84: My focus is almost always on cars as they appeared in the US market, since those are what I'm most connected to. But for a longtime personal favorite from the "forbidden fruit" category, exceptions must be made, so I went Euro-spec for this E23 745i. Again, one of my favorite details is headrest-related: check out the stanchions for the rear headrests where they meet the parcel shelf! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 17/84: Of course a Euro-spec BMW E23 had to be accompanied by a Federalized version; this one is a pre-facelift 733i in Chestnut Red, a factory BMW color from 1979-81 or so. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 18/84: Here's a landmark car in my collection. Not only is this V60 T8 the newest car I've modeled (still!), it was the first car I laid out to print as a one-piece kit, significantly reducing my printing costs—by about 60-70%—and paving the way for my old Shapeways store. Turned out pretty good, too. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 19/84: I designed this Lancia Flaminia quite a bit earlier than I printed it, back before the Alfa GTV6 on day 9. I know this because this was the first car I designed tires for, and the tread pattern on these and every other tire I've printed since was the pattern developed by Pirelli in 1956 for the Flaminia's Cinturato tires. Another fun detail that's hard to capture in photos: this was the first car I made with a horn ring! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 20/84: Yes, I know, at this point we are solidly at 25% of my cars being Volvo wagons; I promise this is the last one for a while! And there are far worse places to leave it than with a Flash Green over Atacama V70 R. I have only one regret with this model: later on, I made another one (for someone else) with open spokes on the wheels and it looked so much better it's not even funny. I guess I could do a swap... #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 21/84: This is alphabetically the last car in my entire collection, and one of the smallest: the Zündapp Janus! Though, while most of the cars I make are truly 1:64 scale, this one is a burly 1:63. There was an unsuccessful attempt at opening doors on this one—the hinges were just too tiny, so they're glued shut—but figuring out how to make the pieces go together was a fun puzzle. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 22/84: The elusive Jaguar XF Sportbrake! This one shows off my limitations as a painter, but I still love the color combo I chose—much better than the greyscale these all seemed to be in the real world. This is also the only time to date I've used structural tailpipes; they hook through the baseplate to hold it to the body at the rear! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 23/84: I believe this is the only one of my cars that I've modified from its original state—this E39 wagon no longer has its original wheels or interior. Those pieces will show up later, but this one got 2003 525iT wheels and front Comfort seats with articulated backrests—one of very few of my models where the front seats are not mirror images of each other. I also added some details later, rings on the headlights and reverse lights at the rear. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 24/84: Yesterday's BMW got retrofitted with them, but this Lexus IS300 SportCross was the first car I printed with open-spoke wheels, and the effect makes a huge difference. The yellow paint pops, too, of course! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 25/84: Fair warning: the next few days will be a little Saab-heavy. My 900 convertible *still* didn't have a perfected hinge for the hood—that is coming soon, I swear—but it does have a removable top! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 26/84: The design for this opening dual-panel sunroof came to me one day while I was trying to take a nap. I'm not one to squander a missed nap, so I whipped out this BMW E34 525iT. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 27/84: Not a revolutionary model—it's just a combination of the body from my original 900 Turbo hatchback (day 3) and the base from my 900 convertible (day 25)—but here, at last, is the working Saab hood! Credit for suggesting the changes that finally got it to work goes to my eternally patient better half, Johnny. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 28/84: A pretty significant reengineering effort went into turning my three-door Saab 900 into a five-door Saab 99 GLE. The 99 has a shorter wheelbase and front overhang, and in the nose job the model was simplified by eliminating the opening hood (just after I'd perfected it, no less). So there's some shared modeling geometry, most significantly the roof, A-pillars, and hatch, but there are no common parts between my 99 and 900 models. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 29/84: Another fastback four-door, though unlike yesterday's Saab, the Lancia Beta had a trunk, not a hatch. I modeled this one with the bumpers as separate pieces—they slot in through the body, then are held in place by pegs coming up from the base plate—to leave open the option of someday doing a version with the more attractive (but far less rare) European bumpers. My grandparents had a ’79 Beta, one of roughly 330 sedans sold in the US that year. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 30/84: When I opened my Shapeways store, I released models in themed groups of four; this is the third in my group of late-’70s fastback sedans, the ill-fated Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon. Like the Lancia yesterday, it had a trunk, not a hatch, plus the indignity of rear windows that didn't roll down, though the quarter windows did vent, I believe. Only lasted from 1978-80. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 31/84: A couple of months after I'd added this Toyota to my Shapeways shop, I noticed the listing had disappeared. I put it back up, then a few weeks later it happened again. Finally, I figured out that selling a model with "Corona" in the name in 2020 was causing some weird problems—I suspect Shapeways was simply shutting down anything with that word, in case it was related to some quack treatment or something. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 32/84: Corvairs incoming! I embarked on a project to model every Corvair bodystyle that hadn't yet been done in 1:64 scale, which, spoiler alert, was most of them. I started with the late model four-door hardtop, painted in authentic Willow Green touch-up paint. The interior was modeled in two pieces so that I could replicate the two-tone effect; this one has a gold dash, door caps, and carpet, and Fawn seats and door panels. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 33/84: My second Corvair is identical to the first from the A-pillar forward, but after that, things get wild—this one's a ’65 Fitch Sprint, complete with "Astroroof." I was pleased with the Hands alloy wheels, my two-tone paint job, and most of all with the steering wheel, which I gave a wood-tone rim and silver spokes, barely visible in the second photo. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 34/84: I noted a few days ago that morphing my three-door Saab 900 into a five-door 99 had been a relatively complicated endeavor; having done that, this three-door 99 CombiCoupe is kind of a half-step back, a much more straightforward hybrid of the earlier two. This one wears the trim of a ’78 EMS, the sportiest non-Turbo 99. Back to Corvairs tomorrow. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 35/84: A pleasingly nautical color scheme for this ’67 Corvair Monza convertible. I don't do a ton of convertibles; making sure the windshield frame is sturdy enough to print is always a bit challenging. In this case, having the additional support of the vent windows helped. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 36/84: Another dang Saab? Another dang Saab, the debut of my four-door 900 body. This is a twin to one I made for my buddy Kyle, who has since passed away, after I helped him buy a teal ’93 900S sedan. Don't tell anybody, though—the paint on the models is actually a Volvo color. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 37/84: Can you believe there *still* hasn't been a 1:64-scale Corvair Greenbrier van? Me neither, but in the meantime I'm pretty pleased with mine. Still the only van I've done. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 38/84: In the years since I made my Corvair Rampside pickup, Matchbox has come out with a version, also with working ramp (because how could you not?), that is very good. So this is one of the rare cases where my model can go into retirement because an alternative is now available. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 39/84: Another authentic paint color, this time Aztec Bronze, for this ’66 Corvair Corsa coupe. The late Corvair coupe was done in 1:64-scale in the ’60s by Mego as part of their Jet Wheels line, but it's extremely rare; otherwise, there was a mid-engine V8 version done by Hot Wheels in the early '00s and a nice premium HW Yenko Stinger came out after I made this coupe, so a nice standard version of one of the prettiest cars ever seems warranted. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 40/84: We've seen late model Corvairs and forward control Corvairs, so it must be time for early model Corvairs. First on deck is the ’61 Lakewood wagon; it's a cutie, isn't it? #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 41/84: I finished my batch of Corvairs with the last version of the first bodystyle—that is, a ’64 sedan, in Monza trim. Amazingly, considering how influential it was, the first-gen Corvair sedan has never been done in 1:64-scale, though larger models were made in-period and many times since. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 42/84: Mercedes E-class wagons are well-represented in my 1:64-scale collection, including the S124, but I'm a completist, and nobody's ever done the *facelift* S124. So I adapted my existing coupe into a wagon, which is a fair bit of work, since the wagon's wheelbase is longer. This is my only model to date with a rear-facing third row seat; additionally, all my W124s have asymmetrically-sized side view mirrors, because they had to. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 43/84: Another variation on the Mercedes 124 E-class theme, this time the A124 cabriolet. Base, dashboard, steering wheel, wheels, and tires are all shared with my E320 coupe; body and interior are new. Not quite at the level of some of my Saabs, but I got a few good variations out of this basic design. I wouldn't have to design any new pieces to make a pre-facelift cabrio. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 44/84: I based my exterior color choice for this Seville on the color of Betty White's ’77 Seville, which she called "Parakeet." Hers had a white vinyl top and white interior, though; I prefer the "sheer look" uninterrupted by the break at the base of a vinyl roof. Most of my bodies are asymmetrical due to the fuel filler cap, but not this one—like many ’70s GM cars, the filler was hidden behind the rear license plate. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 45/84: Today and tomorrow are kind of retreads. After I opened my Shapeways shop, I adapted several of my pre-Shapeways designs to sell, and had new copies printed up to test the adapted designs for quality control. I gave most of these new prints away, but kept two. This one is a maroon copy of my Peugeot 505 Turbo wagon with opening doors. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 46/84: Like yesterday's Peugeot, today's Mercedes 300CE is a duplicate of an earlier car, printed to test the quality of an updated version designed to be sold in my Shapeways shop. I don't usually paint cars black, but in this case I think it works well with the two-tone, and helps make the red interior really pop. I'm still delighted by the headlamp wipers, too. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 47/84: My gazillionth Saab, but only the second one designed completely from scratch—not too far off from the story of the real Saab 9000, which was the company's third clean-sheet car. Matchbox did a nice first-generation 9000 Turbo in the ’80s, so this is the second-gen Aero version. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 48/84: Besides being a quirky choice, this ’78 Volvo 262C Bertone is a landmark in my design history: the first of my cars designed to snap together, requiring no additional materials or adhesives to assemble. No more cutting axles—the wheels snap onto spindles on the base. And no more screws attaching body and base together. All of my subsequent cars have been designed this way, and a few earlier ones retrofitted to these methods. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 49/50: probably the most outlandish proportions of any car I've modeled, but the sharp Giugiaro lines also made this Maserati Quattroporte a fairly straightforward affair. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 50/84: For my 50th car, I had to do something very special, and I still consider this one of my finest. It is also the largest car I have made to date. This is a replica of the 1960 Bentley S2 LWB that my grandparents owned for many years. The two-piece whitewall tires were a neat touch, I thought—one that I haven't used again since. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 50/84 bonus: Here's a pre-assembly view into the interior of my 1960 Bentley S2 LWB; yes, that is a jar of Grey Poupon on the tray table. My grandfather always put one out just like that when he showed the car. That's me with it, circa 1991. It was the fifth built out of 25 long wheelbase S2s, originally ordered and owned by Sir William Carr, publisher of the *News of the World*. #WeirdCarMastodon
Day 51/84: I love that Mercedes kept the hardtop bodystyle alive for decades after everyone else gave up on it. This C123 300CD was designed with the bumpers as separate pieces—not because I ever expect to make a small-bumper version, just to make them easier to paint! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 52/84: This one's probably best described as a prototype, as there were design flaws that required pretty major reworking, but I was able to assemble this Saab 96 anyway, and it's a real cutie. A reworked version will show up again in a few days. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 53/84: My Saab 900/99 repertoire continues to grow...this time I backdated to a 99 two-door sedan, which is essentially new (or old, depending on how you look at it) from the B-pillar back compared to the three-door version I showed back on day 34. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 54/84: An opening hatch is the big party trick for this Saab 9-3, but I also designed it so that the same body could be used to make a 1993-98 900, or mix and match bases, hatches, and bodies to do three-door versions as well. For now, however, this is the only version I've had printed. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 55/84: A couple days ago we saw the first iteration of this Saab 96; this one was revised to make the rear fenders integral to the body rather than the base, as on the first version, which made assembly more or less impossible. This one went together no problem, and by keeping the body forward of the firewall as part of the base piece, I still have the option to someday do a version with the post-1965 nose as well. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
@autonerdery That's very lovely!
@autonerdery From your photos, this is really up there. A stunner.
@autonerdery I knew a man who owned a car of that manufacturer.

@autonerdery

What kind of 3D printing is it?

@Madagascar_Sky I print through Shapeways, using their multi-jet fusion process and nylon PA12 material.
@autonerdery
Hi, how do you get the even texture on your prints?
@autonerdery I love the little ramp!
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Day 72/84: Here's a variation on an old friend, a wagon-to-sedan conversion of my very first car to make a 760 GLE. Everything under the skin was updated in the process to my newer snap-together assembly standards, but if I similarly updated the wagon body and interior, this sedan could share its base. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 73/84: This Datsun Maxima sports one of my better paint jobs. The main body color was a special blend of multiple spray cans, so I had to be very careful painting the details, because I had no touch-up paint to cover any goofs! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Forgot to mention, this is the second car I've done with button-tufted upholstery, which is a pain in the patoot to model. The other one was my AMC Eagle, way back on day 4.
Day 74/84: This Pontiac 6000 STE is one of a few cars I've done with a sort of "sandwich" construction, where the rub strip around the center is integrated into the interior piece, with everything below part of the base and everything above forming the main body piece. This makes it super easy to get clean lines on those otherwise hard-to-paint rub strips, and, as seen here, makes two-tone color schemes a snap. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 75/84: This is the last Saab I've done to date, an ’83 Turbo sedan variant on my original 900 model, updated to snap together. The theme of the last several days has been mid-range 1983 sport sedans (plus an early 1984 Audi); all of these—Audi, Dodge, Toyota, Volvo, Datsun, Pontiac, Saab, plus tomorrow's car—were the contenders subjected to *Car and Driver's* infamous "Baja Torture Test" comparison from the July, 1983 issue, well worth a read. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 76/84: Last of my Baja bunch is this Volkswagen Quantum GL5, known as the (Passat) Santana in most of the world. This was a charming little box to build; I integrated the bumpers into the base to make it easy to get a clean color separation between them and the body, but even so, I think I did a decent job of the details on this one. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 77/84: For sheer detail, this Audi is probably one of my best demonstrations of what color printing is capable of. Pardon the grain, but I thought it worth showing the two-tone green and gray interior as well, with wood trim throughout. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 78/84: It's Thanksgiving for us Americans, so here's a car many Americans would be thankful to have owned in the 1990s: a Seville, one of Cadillac's few late-20th century bright spots. One of my favorite things about this model is that color printing enabled me to perfectly capture the mega third brake light (sorry, GM, CHMSL) across the rear decklid. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 79/84: This Chrysler LHS has one of the most elaborate sets of wheels I've ever attempted, and I didn't really expect them to print out well. But they came out pretty amazing! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 80/84: Here's where we run into one of the limitations of color printing: the material's not quite as strong as what I'd been used to. The A-pillars on this Oldsmobile LSS were probably too thin no matter what, but they were much too thin for this material, and both driver-side pillars are broken, which also led to some deformation of the roof. Lesson learned. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 81/84: This one and the preceding three were my SLSLHSLSSLSC collection, inspired by their similar three-letter model designations and status as "sporty" big American cars. The Lincoln Mark VIII LSC is perhaps the least well-remembered of the group; it's identifiable by the absence of chrome trim on the bumpers. It was also the first American car equipped with HID headlights. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 82/84: One thing I like about older cars is the color palette available to use. This Renault Caravelle is already a cutie; doing it up in robin's egg blue over navy is just the icing on the cake. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 83/84: I couldn't bring myself to make it gray, and the geometry of trying to model dents would probably make me crazy, so my Peugeot 403 Cabriolet is not a replica of That Famous One. Instead, it's a sunny yellow, and I nicked the wire wheels from my Facel-Vega (day 66) to make it as classy as it deserves to be. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 84/84: From a Volvo wagon to a VW wagon...here's a car that was printed as a single piece, with all the components of the model connected on a framework of sprues; that was designed to be snapped together, no additional materials or adhesives required; that's printed in color, fully detailed inside and out—a model that can go from a sealed box to what you see here in five minutes. That's a pretty satisfying evolution! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 85/84: Quelle surprise! In the two and a half months it took me to post all my cars, one or two new ones may have appeared. This DS21 Décapotable was one I unsuccessfully attempted to print in color last year; the material couldn't support the windshield header. So I printed it in gray and painted it. My paint skills may be a bit rusty, but check out the working height-adjustable suspension! #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
Day 86/84: Okay here's my actual last car to date, and we end up right back where we started: with a gold Volvo wagon. This V70 Cross Country is a heavily revised adaptation of the V70 R I showed back on day 20. #WeirdCarMastodon #164scale #3dPrinting
@autonerdery It's over? NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
@autonerdery not dented enough to be That Famous One lol
@autonerdery One of those was my first junker rally car. The stinkin' lincoln, but damn that engine hauled ass.. and the sunroof saved our bacon, despite the shower of rust that fell when it was moved. Team Epic Fail. *sigh*
@autonerdery You probably mentioned this before but what 3D printer are you using these days. Probably going to pick one up as a family Christmas gift soon.
@autonerdery have you tried printing the body without fuzzy skin in ABS or ASA and vapor smooth it?
@autonerdery That is remarkable considering how small they are

@autonerdery

I used to daily an allroad in almost that color!

@autonerdery VW US were doing some great coke back in the day, with their weird renaming ideas 😆
@vwdasher my favorite dad joke: It must have been hard to get a job in a VW service department in the ’80s; you had to know Quantum mechanics!