#SpaceDebris ๐๏ธ reentry ๐ฅ expected between approximately 15:35 CET and 22:25 CET on ๐ 8 March https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/Reentry_of_International_Space_Station_ISS_batteries_into_Earth_s_atmosphere
#SpaceDebris ๐๏ธ reentry ๐ฅ expected between approximately 15:35 CET and 22:25 CET on ๐ 8 March https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/Reentry_of_International_Space_Station_ISS_batteries_into_Earth_s_atmosphere
"If it is a human-made #SpaceObject which was launched into space ๐ by another country, which caused damage ๐ฅ on #Earth, that country would be absolutely liable to the homeowner ๐ก for the damage caused." https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/04/trash-from-the-international-space-station-may-have-hit-a-house-in-florida/
A month later, #NASA released a public statement taking responsibility. โThe hardware was expected to fully burn up during entry through Earthโs atmosphereโ https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-16/nasa-says-space-junk-that-crashed-into-florida-home-was-from-iss
#NASA incorrectly believed the batteries would completely burn up. There have been some close calls : a piece of the doomed #SpaceShuttle #Columbia crashing into a Texas dentist's office in ๐ 2003, large wreckage from a Chinese ๐จ๐ณ #LongMarch 5B rocket damaging a village in the Republic of Cรดte d'Ivoire ๐จ๐ฎ, a spate of trunk debris from #SpaceX #CrewDragon missions that have landed in the United States ๐บ๐ธ, Australia ๐ฆ๐บ, and elsewhere. https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/06/family-whose-roof-was-damaged-by-space-debris-files-claims-against-nasa/
Ariane 5 upper stages are located mainly in #GTO & just a small delta-v (1,6km/s) is left to reach the #Moon ๐. Since the debris ๐๏ธ is picked up in orbit, small propulsion units are sufficient for the remaining transport to the moon. More than 150 tons of #aluminum can be regained โป๏ธ from #Ariane5 upper stages alone. This saves more than โฌ50 billions ๐ฐ of tax money in transportation costs compared to #SLS or #Ariane6 launchers. https://activities.esa.int/4000132842
A collection of academics from #universities around the world ๐ propose turning the potential catastrophe into a resource. By ๐ 2050, #GatewayEarth โ a fully operational #SpaceStation with a facility to recycle โป๏ธ old #satellites ๐ฐ๏ธ and other junk โ could be up and running. https://theconversation.com/space-junk-a-recycling-station-could-be-cleaning-up-in-earth-orbit-by-2050-119787
Objects in #LEO
๐ 2013 : 3,890
๐ 2023 : 10,225
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/space-objects-by-orbit
Around 100 nations are involved in varying levels of #space activity. Since the 1950s, almost 20,000 #satellites ๐ฐ๏ธ have been launched into Earthโs orbit. These satellites bring immense benefits to #society, from monitoring ecosystems and supporting global #communications, to facilitating services such as satellite #television and contactless bank card payments. However,...https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/a-sustainable-development-goal-for-space
Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision ๐ฅ risk with aircraft โ๏ธ in flight. The highest-density regions have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected. This rate rises to 26% ๐ for larger areas of #airspace, such as that found in the #US ๐บ๐ธ , #Europe ๐ช๐บ, or around major cities in the #AsiaPacific ๐ธ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฐ ๐น๐ญ๐จ๐ณ ๐ฆ๐บ region. The collision risk could be mitigated if controlled reentries into the ocean were required for all missions. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2

Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights. In response, national authorities may choose to preemptively close airspace during reentry events; some have already done so. We determine the probability for a rocket body reentry within airspace over a range of air traffic densities. The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry. This rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region. For a given reentry, the collision risk in the underlying airspace increases with the air traffic density. However, the economic consequences of flight delays also increase should that airspace be closed. This situation puts national authorities in a dilemmaโto close airspace or notโwith safety and economic implications either way. The collision risk could be mitigated if controlled reentries into the ocean were required for all missions. However, over 2300 rocket bodies are already in orbit and will eventually reenter in an uncontrolled manner. Airspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come.
We need #spacecraft that can approach ageing #satellites ๐ฐ๏ธ and dock with them, using #robots to repair ๐ง, refuel โฝ and upgrade them. Weโll also need a way to reuse and recycle โป๏ธ satellites when their working lives are over. Different types of trash ๐๏ธ require different removal techniques, with many ideas coming from the #fishing ๐ฃ industry https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-space-junk-crisis-needs-a-recycling-revolution/
๐จ๐ณ #Shijian25 is expected to use its robotic arms to latch onto #Shijian21 and replenish its fuel โฝ. The latter used up much of its propellant in 2022 while towing a defunct #BeiDou navigation satellite ๐ฐ๏ธ into a higher graveyard orbit. @planet4589 said the behaviour of the #American ๐บ๐ธ satellites was highly uncommon. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3314364/chinas-landmark-orbital-refuelling-mission-why-2-us-spy-satellites-hover-nearby
With #ESA launching a third initiative in less than a year, itโs clear that in-orbit life extension ๐งโฝ is a priority for the agency https://europeanspaceflight.com/esa-to-launch-in-orbit-refuelling-demonstration-mission