#SpaceDebris ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ reentry ๐Ÿ”ฅ expected between approximately 15:35 CET and 22:25 CET on ๐Ÿ“† 8 March https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/Reentry_of_International_Space_Station_ISS_batteries_into_Earth_s_atmosphere

#ESA #ISS

Reentry of International Space Station (ISS) batteries into Earthโ€™s atmosphere

#SpaceDebris reentry : The #EU ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡บ #SpaceSurveillance and Tracking confirms that object #ISS DEB (EP BATTERY) decayed within the last estimated re-entry window (2024-03-08 19:13 UTC ยฑ30 minutes) https://www.eusst.eu/newsroom/eu-sst-monitors-reentry-object-issdeb/
EU SST monitors re-entry of space object ISS DEB โ€“ EU SST

"If it is a human-made #SpaceObject which was launched into space ๐ŸŒŒ by another country, which caused damage ๐Ÿ’ฅ on #Earth, that country would be absolutely liable to the homeowner ๐Ÿก for the damage caused." https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/04/trash-from-the-international-space-station-may-have-hit-a-house-in-florida/

#SpaceDebris

Trash from the International Space Station may have hit a house in Florida

NASA collected the item to confirm whether it came from the International Space Station.

Ars Technica

A month later, #NASA released a public statement taking responsibility. โ€œThe hardware was expected to fully burn up during entry through Earthโ€™s atmosphereโ€ https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-16/nasa-says-space-junk-that-crashed-into-florida-home-was-from-iss

#SpaceDebris #ISS

NASA takes ownership of space junk that crashed into Florida home

A piece of space debris that crashed into a home in Naples, Florida, last month was a piece of the International Space Station, NASA said.

Los Angeles Times

#NASA incorrectly believed the batteries would completely burn up. There have been some close calls : a piece of the doomed #SpaceShuttle #Columbia crashing into a Texas dentist's office in ๐Ÿ“† 2003, large wreckage from a Chinese ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ #LongMarch 5B rocket damaging a village in the Republic of Cรดte d'Ivoire ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฎ, a spate of trunk debris from #SpaceX #CrewDragon missions that have landed in the United States ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ, Australia ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡บ, and elsewhere. https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/06/family-whose-roof-was-damaged-by-space-debris-files-claims-against-nasa/

#SpaceDebris

Family whose roof was damaged by space debris files claims against NASA

"Whatever NASA does is going to send a strong signal to the space industry."

Ars Technica

Ariane 5 upper stages are located mainly in #GTO & just a small delta-v (1,6km/s) is left to reach the #Moon ๐ŸŒ™. Since the debris ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ is picked up in orbit, small propulsion units are sufficient for the remaining transport to the moon. More than 150 tons of #aluminum can be regained โ™ป๏ธ from #Ariane5 upper stages alone. This saves more than โ‚ฌ50 billions ๐Ÿ’ฐ of tax money in transportation costs compared to #SLS or #Ariane6 launchers. https://activities.esa.int/4000132842

#ESA #SpaceDebris #Recycling

Analysis of space debris recycling potential to supply raw materials for constructions on the Moon | Activities Portal

A collection of academics from #universities around the world ๐ŸŒ propose turning the potential catastrophe into a resource. By ๐Ÿ“† 2050, #GatewayEarth โ€“ a fully operational #SpaceStation with a facility to recycle โ™ป๏ธ old #satellites ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ and other junk โ€“ could be up and running. https://theconversation.com/space-junk-a-recycling-station-could-be-cleaning-up-in-earth-orbit-by-2050-119787

#SpaceDebris #Recycling

Space junk: a recycling station could be cleaning up in Earth orbit by 2050

Satellites monitor climate change, guide people with GPS and keep us connected through texts and social media, but theyโ€™re under threat.

The Conversation

Objects in #LEO
๐Ÿ“† 2013 : 3,890
๐Ÿ“† 2023 : 10,225
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/space-objects-by-orbit

#SpaceDebris

Payloads and rocket bodies in space, by orbit

Debris from launches or collisions is not counted. Objects are subtracted from the time series after they have reentered the Earth's atmosphere.

Our World in Data

Around 100 nations are involved in varying levels of #space activity. Since the 1950s, almost 20,000 #satellites ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ have been launched into Earthโ€™s orbit. These satellites bring immense benefits to #society, from monitoring ecosystems and supporting global #communications, to facilitating services such as satellite #television and contactless bank card payments. However,...https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/news/a-sustainable-development-goal-for-space

#SpaceDebris #SpaceRegulation #UnitedNations #UNOOSA

A Sustainable Development Goal for space?

University of Plymouth news: An international team of scientists, led by the University, calls for the creation of an 18th addition to the United...

University of Plymouth

Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision ๐Ÿ’ฅ risk with aircraft โœˆ๏ธ in flight. The highest-density regions have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected. This rate rises to 26% ๐Ÿ“Š for larger areas of #airspace, such as that found in the #US ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ , #Europe ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡บ, or around major cities in the #AsiaPacific ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ฐ ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡บ region. The collision risk could be mitigated if controlled reentries into the ocean were required for all missions. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84001-2

#SpaceDebris #SpaceRegulation

Airspace closures due to reentering space objects - Scientific Reports

Uncontrolled reentries of space objects create a collision risk with aircraft in flight. While the probability of a strike is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. Moreover, the risk is rising due to increases in both reentries and flights. In response, national authorities may choose to preemptively close airspace during reentry events; some have already done so. We determine the probability for a rocket body reentry within airspace over a range of air traffic densities. The highest-density regions, around major airports, have a 0.8% chance per year of being affected by an uncontrolled reentry. This rate rises to 26% for larger but still busy areas of airspace, such as that found in the northeastern United States, northern Europe, or around major cities in the Asia-Pacific region. For a given reentry, the collision risk in the underlying airspace increases with the air traffic density. However, the economic consequences of flight delays also increase should that airspace be closed. This situation puts national authorities in a dilemmaโ€”to close airspace or notโ€”with safety and economic implications either way. The collision risk could be mitigated if controlled reentries into the ocean were required for all missions. However, over 2300 rocket bodies are already in orbit and will eventually reenter in an uncontrolled manner. Airspace authorities will face the challenge of uncontrolled reentries for decades to come.

Nature
Annual number of objects launched into space

This includes satellites, probes, landers, crewed spacecrafts, and space station flight elements launched into Earth orbit or beyond.

Our World in Data

We need #spacecraft that can approach ageing #satellites ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ and dock with them, using #robots to repair ๐Ÿ”ง, refuel โ›ฝ and upgrade them. Weโ€™ll also need a way to reuse and recycle โ™ป๏ธ satellites when their working lives are over. Different types of trash ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ require different removal techniques, with many ideas coming from the #fishing ๐ŸŽฃ industry https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-space-junk-crisis-needs-a-recycling-revolution/

#SpaceRobot #SpaceDebris

The Space Junk Crisis Needs a Recycling Revolution

Orbital junk will become a crisis if we donโ€™t act soon

Scientific American

๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ #Shijian25 is expected to use its robotic arms to latch onto #Shijian21 and replenish its fuel โ›ฝ. The latter used up much of its propellant in 2022 while towing a defunct #BeiDou navigation satellite ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ into a higher graveyard orbit. @planet4589 said the behaviour of the #American ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ satellites was highly uncommon. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3314364/chinas-landmark-orbital-refuelling-mission-why-2-us-spy-satellites-hover-nearby

#SpaceMaintenance

Chinaโ€™s landmark orbital refuelling mission: why US spy satellites hover nearby

Shijian-25 is expected to use its robotic arms to latch onto Shijian-21 and replenish its fuel.

South China Morning Post

With #ESA launching a third initiative in less than a year, itโ€™s clear that in-orbit life extension ๐Ÿ”งโ›ฝ is a priority for the agency https://europeanspaceflight.com/esa-to-launch-in-orbit-refuelling-demonstration-mission

#SpaceMaintenance #DOrbit #RISE

ESA to Launch In-Orbit Refuelling Demonstration Mission - European Spaceflight

ESA has announced an in-orbit refuelling demonstration mission aimed at developing technology that may be used aboard the European Commissionโ€™s IRIS2 satellites.

European Spaceflight