Falsely stating the value of an asset is a crime in NY. It doesn’t matter if someone else is directly harmed.
There are plenty of laws that are designed to reduce the risk of harm. Apartment buildings are required to conform to fire codes. Restaurants are required to conform to health codes. Drivers are required to be sober and carry insurance.
If your apartment has no fire exits, it doesn’t matter if nobody is hurt in a fire. If your restaurant has spoiled meat in the fridge, it doesn’t matter if nobody got food poisoning. If you are pulled over drunk without insurance, it doesn’t matter if you didn’t get in an accident.
In each of those examples, you put people at risk, even if you “can’t point to an actual person that was directly of even indirectly harmed”. You broke the law, and you should be punished.
Furthermore, the punishment has to exceed whatever you might have gained from breaking the law. If you don’t have auto insurance, the penalty has to be higher than what auto insurance costs. Otherwise, you would be happy to pay a fine instead of buying auto insurance.
In New York, there are laws against inflating your asset values on loan documents. Those laws are meant to protect all New Yorkers. When Trump lied on his loan documents, he harmed all New Yorkers. He broke the law. And the penalty has to be greater than whatever money he thought he might save by lying.