Yes, Safari 17 supports JPEG XL. On macOS Sonoma, macOS Ventura and macOS Monterey, as well as iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and soon, visionOS.

We also added HEIC — especially for web apps that want to let users edit photos directly from the camera.

https://webkit.org/blog/14205/news-from-wwdc23-webkit-features-in-safari-17-beta/#images

News from WWDC23: WebKit Features in Safari 17 beta

It’s been a fantastic year for WebKit.

WebKit
@jensimmons I'm curious to see if that pushes Firefox to back JPEG XL as well (and thus lead to a comeback in Chrome)
@jensimmons
It is just great to see JPEG XL support 🖼️ 👍!
@jensimmons "On macOS Sonoma you can pair with Apple TV and Vision Pro directly from Safari to inspect those platforms." Does this mean Safari is coming to tvOS? :o

@jensimmons not so stoked about HEIC support because of the licensing situation around it, which will prevent other WebKit ports from shipping it and cause web compat problems; but yay for JPEG-XL support and hoping Chromium and Firefox follow. We should probably enable by default the support in the GTK and WPE ports.

On a related note, it would be good to get rid of JPEG2000 support, this ended up stagnating: https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/pull/3824

Remove the support for JPEG2000 by shallawa · Pull Request #3824 · WebKit/WebKit

766a429 Remove the support for JPEG2000 https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=178758 rdar://35161822 Reviewed by NOBODY (OOPS!). Right now, no other browser is supporting JPEG2000. So there's n...

GitHub
@jensimmons Nice, including support for live view?
@jensimmons Does this mean that Safari iOS will no longer convert HEIC to JPEG when picked by a input type=“file”?
@jensimmons Thanks, but would it be possible to support HDR/EDR in photos?
@jensimmons can I read the extra channels (depth map, arbitrary others) from a jpeg-xl file via JS (eg to an arraybuffer)? Or does that still require me to ship a decoder?