@tinker @tautology A good source for this info is, beside the official documentation, https://devhints.io/bash as it has a bunch of examples and shows what does what. As I tend to forget about these things I have it bookmarked and whenever I want to do something without relying on external commands I go there.
Bash scripting cheatsheet

Variables · Functions · Interpolation · Brace expansions · Loops · Conditional execution · Command substitution · One-page guide to Bash scripting

Devhints.io cheatsheets