Early Release – Molecular Evidence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Travelers Returning to Israel from the Sinai Peninsula – Volume 31, Number 11—November 2025 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal
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Abstract Apples are one of the most popular and economically important fruits worldwide and have both nutritional and ornamental value. However, because of their complexity, studies on apple mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been limited. In this study, the mt genomes of Aksu Fuji and Ralls Janet cultivars were assembled, annotated, and analyzed based on a hybrid strategy using Illumina, and comprehensive comparisons of their structure, gene content, intercellular gene transfer, phylogeny, and RNA editing sites were performed. The mt genome length and gene structure of the two apple cultivars were identical (396 592 bp) and included 63 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. There were 44 and 31 mitochondrial plastid fragments (MTPTs) identified between the mt and plastid genomes of the Ralls Janet and Aksu Fuji cultivars, accounting for 1.98 and 2.19% of their mt genomes, respectively. Furthermore, there were 419 and 421 RNA editing sites were detected in Aksu Fuji and Ralls Janet, respectively. Analyses of coding usage bias, nucleotide diversity, selection pressure, and genetic distance revealed that the mt genomes of the two cultivars were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of 29 Rosaceae species showed that Aksu Fuji and Ralls Janet clustered with Malus baccata and M. kansuensis. This study provides new insights into the genetics, systematics, and evolution of apple mt genomes.
Abstract Leafhoppers, a broad group of Hemiptera insects, are economic pests that wreak havoc on agriculture and forestry. The genus Ossuaria was established by Dworakowska in 1979, Zhang and Yang discovered Ossuaria sichuanensis (Zhang and Yang, 2011) from China in 2011, but there is no molecular biological evidence to record the genus. To report complete mitochondrial genome of O. sichuanensis, DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue of adult insect and sequenced. The original data were assembled and annotated, a complete mitochondrial genome was mapped, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The circular mitogenome of O. sichuanensis is 15.558 bp in length and including 37 typical genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) and a putative control region. The overall base composition is 42.89% A, 36.92% T, 11.02% C, and 9.17% G, and the A + T content is 79.81%. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the O. sichuanensis is the sisters of other members of the tribe Erythroneurini. The mitochondrial genome structure agrees with earlier research. The genus Ossuaria has been characterized at the molecular level for the first time, and additional research is required to determine how the tribe Zyginellini and the tribe Typhlocybini are related.
Background: Worldwide, Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a protein source. SBP-box transcription factors are crucial for plant development and regulation of stress resistance. The SBP genes in Pigeonpea were examined utilizing genomic information. Methods: Using databases, PlantTFDB and NCBI, SBP-box family genes of Pigeonpea were identified and then characterized in silico using bioinformatics tools. Results: In this study, 5 major chromosomes out of 11 and an unplaced scaffold of the Pigeonpea were found to have 24 SBP genes. Significant differences in CcaSBPs protein length, molecular weight, GRAVY value (grand average of hydropathicity), and theoretical isoelectric point were observed. It was shown by Gene Structure Display Server (GSDS) that all CcaSBP genes contain one or more introns. CcaSBP proteins and SBP proteins from other species (A. thaliana and O. sativa) were analyzed phylogenetically and grouped into seven major groups (I–VII). Through this, an effort has been made to present unique information on CcaSBP genes to study Pigeonpea growth and stress mechanisms.
Clematis tomentella 2001 (Ranunculaceae) is a typical drought-tolerant sand-fixing plant in desert ecosystem in northwest China. To elucidate the phylogenetic status of C. tomentella and its related species, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome and analyzed their interspecific relationships. The result showed that the cp genome of C. tomentella was 159 816 bp in length, including two inverted repeats of 31 045 bp, a large single copy region of 79 535 bp, and a small single copy region of 18 191 bp. 136 genes were annotated across the whole cp genome, including 92 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 36 tRNA genes, as well as the GC content accounted for 38%. Crucially, we found that the regions of psbE-petL, trnG_UCC-atpA, ndhF-rpl32, and rps8-infA were highly divergent, which could be marked as DNA barcodes for the identification of C. tomentella in Ranunculaceae. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree revealed that C. tomentella was closely related to C. fruticosa. Our results provide the references and implications for the phylogenetic study of Clematis in Ranunculaceae in the future.
This paper provides an explanation of the application of phylogenetic analysis, derived from biology, to be applied in archaeology with the aim of observing evolutionary phenomena, the development of ideas, and the dissemination of ideas from material culture. Phylogenetics will be applied to data on anthropomorphic motifs at five rock art sites in West Sumatra: Gua Lidah Air, Gua Runjo, Ngalau Tompok Syohiah, Batu Basurek, and Gua Basurek. The main stages in this analysis involve collecting representative data in the category of distinctive values from each rock art site. Distinctive values data is obtained through observation and identification of morphological characteristics, such as anthropomorphic postures, body shapes, foot patterns, hand patterns, attributes, and other morphologies, thus forming unique codes for each anthropomorphic rock art. This data is then analysed using phylogenetics to depict the relationships of anthropomorphic motifs at the five rock art sites in West Sumatra. The analysis results show similarities and differences in the depiction of anthropomorphic motifs among the rock art sites in West Sumatra, indicating the dissemination and development of ideas of anthropomorphic designs.
The pea is an important cool-season pulse crop cultivated for animal and human consumption. However, the presence of “flatulence-causing factors” hinders its consumption and acceptance worldwide. The raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) have been identified as the principal “flatulence causing factors”. Hence, reducing RFO level is the major goal to promote pea consumption and acceptance worldwide. However, very little is known about the genes involved in RFO metabolism at the genome-wide scale in pea. In the present study, genes for five key enzymes (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, stachyose synthase, alpha-galactosidase_Acid/Alkaline and beta-fructofuranosidase) involved in RFO metabolism pathway were identified at the genome-wide scale in pea. A total of two galactinol synthase, two raffinose synthase, one stachyose synthase, six alpha-galactosidase_Alkaline and three alpha-galactosidase_Acid and ten beta-fructofuranosidase genes were identified in the pea genome. Phylogenetic relationships analysis, exon/intron structure as well as conserved domain within each enzyme family and their chromosomal location were also determined to establish their relationship with the known proteins. In silico anlaysis showed that pea RFO genes contain 26 microsatellite loci. Taken together, this study provides useful candidate genes for improving the nutritional quality of pea through genetic engineering approaches as well as microsatellite loci for the development of SSR markers for the introgression of low RFO trait through marker assisted selection.
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