> Part of the secret, of course, was that policies of #AgriculturalDeregulation and financial discipline enforced by the IMF and #WorldBank continued to generate an exodus of surplus rural labor to #UrbanSlums even as cities ceased to be job machines. As #DeborahBryceson, a leading #EuropeanAfricanist, emphasizes in her summary of recent #AgrarianResearch, the 1980s and 1990s were a generation of unprecedented upheaval in the global countryside:
#MikeDavis #PlanetOfSlums

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-malawi-labourers-farms-shortage-workers

#BidenNailsUNCoffin: HRDC also raised concerns about a report in The Guardian revealing that some migrant workers were unable to return home to their families after the October attacks because they were riddled with debt from high fees – sometimes tens of thousands of dollars – they were made to pay by recruitment agencies before travelling to work in Israel.

#PlanetOfSlums #IronDomeForTheRich #surveillancecapitalism #WaterUseConflict #Afluenza #AllJobsShouldBeUnionJobs #EmissionsInEquality

Malawi sends labourers to Israeli farms amid shortage of workers

As Israel reels under a labour crisis sparked by the exodus of foreign workers, Malawi steps in to help following aid package

Middle East Eye

Mike Davis in Planet of Slums on Rickshaws:

.> While poor urban children are still treated as slaves or indentured labor, some of their fathers remain little more than draught animals. The rickshaw has always been a notorious emblem of the degradation of labor in Asia. Invented in Japan in the 1860s, it allowed “human animals” to replace mule carts and horse-drawn carriages as the chief means of transportation in the great cities of East and South Asia. Except in Japan, rickshaws survived even the competition of streetcars after the First World War because of their convenience, low cost, and role as status “passports” of the petty bourgeoisie. (“People tended to think,” wrote the 1920s Beijing novelist Xi Ying, “‘if you don’t even have a private rickshaw, what on earth are you?’”) Pulling a rickshaw was reckoned the harshest form of urban labor, and, in Shanghai at least, most pullers (lucky to earn the equivalent of ten cents a day) perished of heart attacks or tuberculosis within a few years.
.> Revolutionaries, of course, denounced the rickshaw and promised a day of liberation for hundreds of thousands of rickshaw coolies, but in some parts of Asia, this day has been long postponed. Indeed, informal man-powered transit, including old-fashioned rickshaws and bicycle-based pedicabs (invented in 1940), probably employs and exploits more poor men today than in 1930. The ILO has estimated that there are more than 3 million rickshaw-pullers on the streets of Asia. In Dhaka (“God’s Own City,” an urban planner told Jeremy Seabrook, because “it runs automatically”), the rickshaw sector is the “second-largest provider of employment in the city, second only to the million-or-so employed by the garment industry.” The 200,000 rickshawallahs – the unsung Lance Armstrongs of the Third World – earn about a dollar per day for pedaling an average of 60 kilometers in Dhaka’s nightmarish traffic and pollution. As the male occupation of last resort in a city of growing poverty, there is violent competition between licensed and unlicensed rickshaw-pullers, with the latter living in fear of the police who regularly seize and burn their illegal “vehicles.”
.> Similarly in Calcutta, where Jan Breman has aptly described rickshaw-pulling as “urban share-cropping,” 50,000 Bihari immigrants are the backbone of the industry. Most live away from their families, sometimes for decades, huddled together in sheds or stables, dependent upon small tightnit groups to regulate employment. They are not, Breman stresses, the “independently-operating small entrepreneurs [of myth], busily thrusting their way upwards via accumulation, but dependent proletarians who live on the defensive.” Their small symbolic compensation is that they are not the worst-off: that distinction belongs to the thelas, so low and heavy they must be pulled by a man and his whole family.
#MikeDavis #PlanetOfSlums #JeremySeabrook #Rickshaw #Japan #Dhaka #Calcutta #JanBreman #BihariImmigrants

" #HIV、鳥インフルエンザと続き、#SARS [重症急性呼吸器症候群]――野生動物肉の売買に起因するもうひとつの疫病――の登場ですが、今回は南中国の都市部で発生し、驚くべきスピードで世界を一周して広がりました。これが疫病の未来図です... スラムの世界の疫病です。地球規模のスラム化とヒト・動物圏エコロジーの大規模な変化とをセットにして考えますと、#鳥インフルエンザ の人類への蔓延のような事態はほぼ避けられません。しかし、鳥インフルエンザのような疫病の脅威そのものより、もっと厄介なのは、それに対する反応――ただちにワクチンや抗ウィルス薬を買いしめること、これらの救命薬の製造を独占する一握りの富裕諸国の国民の健康を守るうえでの排他的な視線――です。言い換えれば、一も二もなく反射的と言ってもよい、貧しい人たちの切り捨てです。"
https://www.tup-bulletin.org/?p=657
#パンデミック #スラム #ワクチン #TUP #マイクデイヴィス #MikeDavis #PlanetOfSlums
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平和を目指す翻訳者たち

TUP - Translators United for Peace